【摘要】 光响应材料在光刺激下能改变自身的物理或化学性质，因其对电磁波多自由度的高敏感、多维度响应能力，在与传感、驱动相关的多种应用领域中备受关注.近年来，基于光响应软材料的光驱动系统逐渐完成了从简单的感知、受激作动到持续自主反馈控制的进化，这意味着柔性材料在受到刺激发生形态变化的基础上，逐步具备接受和转化能量的能力，进而实现自主驱动.一系列基于柔性光响应材料的软体作动系统对与方向实时改变的光源、热源、声源等能量源，表现出方向识别与准确跟踪的能力.这种“向光性”“趋光性”实现的难点在于让光响应柔性材料识别刺激源的方向并向其作动、在对准方向时停止作动，在受外部扰动、方向失准时自主向光调整，从而在一定程度上体现类似动、植物的自主性.因此，对近年来光响应材料在传感、驱动及自适应调节领域的研究进展进行综述，总结了柔性材料作动从响应型到自控型的发展历程，从传感、驱动、反馈三个组成循环的关键过程剖析其能量转化、传递过程中的物理、化学机制，并展望自控制光响应材料系统在仿生驱动器和软体机器人等研究领域的发展方向与潜力.更多还原

【Abstract】 Photoresponsive materials can change their physical or chemical properties under light stimulation. Because of their high sensitivity to multiple degrees of freedom of electromagnetic waves and their multi-dimensional response capabilities,they have attracted much attention in various application fields related to sensing and actuating. In recent years,light-driven systems based on light-responsive soft materials have gradually undergone the evolution from simple sensing and stimulated motion to continuous autonomous feedback control. This means that flexible materials gradually have the ability to accept and transform energy on the basis of being stimulated and only undergoing morphological changes,so as to achieve autonomous actuation. A series of soft actuation systems based on flexible light-responsive materials demonstrate the ability to identify and accurately track energy sources such as light sources,heat sources,and sound sources that change directions in real time. The difficulty in realizing this kind of "phototropism" and "phototaxis" lies in how to make the light-responsive flexible material recognize the direction of the stimulus source and act on it,and stop the action when the direction is aligned,and how to make the direction misaligned when it is subject to external disturbance. It can adjust to the light autonomously,thus reflecting the autonomy similar to that of animals and plants to a certain extent. This article reviews the research progress of photoresponsive materials in the fields of sensing,actuating and adaptive regulation in recent years. It aims to summarize the development process of flexible material actuation from responsive to self-control,analyze the physical and chemical mechanisms of energy conversion and transfer in the key processes of the cycle from the three components of sensing,actuating and feedback,and look forward to the development and potential of self-controlled light-responsive material systems in research fields such as bionic actuators and soft robots.更多还原