【摘要】 为全面评估光伏电池片发电性能，针对现有光伏等效电路模型无法估算其光谱响应特性问题，文章基于有限元法提出了光伏电池片等效物理模型及其参数辨识方法，对其电气特性与光谱响应进行估算。首先，分析有限元模型中关键参数对电气特性估算结果的影响，确定发射区厚度、基区厚度、发射区掺杂浓度、基区掺杂浓度、串联电阻和并联电阻共6参数作为模型参数辨识对象；然后，以高辐照工况下实测电流-电压（Ⅰ-Ⅴ）特性数据为依据，使用粒子群算法对上述参数进行辨识；最后，实测了不同辐照和温度条件下Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性并与模型估算结果对比验证，同时测量了太阳光谱曲线与光伏组件短路电流，间接验证模型估算电池片光谱响应的精确性。实验结果表明，单晶硅、多晶硅电池片模型估算结果的电流均方根误差分别为0.019 2～0.030 2 A,0.018 0～0.051 5 A，模型计算光谱响应结果的短路电流和实测短路电流绝对百分误差在15%以下，使用该参数辨识方法建立的模型能够较综合地反映光伏电池片的光电转换性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to comprehensively evaluate the power generation performance of solar cells,aiming at solving the problem that the existing photovoltaic(PV) equivalent circuit model cannot estimate its spectral response characteristics, in this paper, an equivalent physical model of solar cells and its parameter identification method based on the finite element method is proposed to estimate its electrical characteristics and spectral response. Firstly, the influence of key parameters in the finite element model on the estimation results of electrical characteristics is analyzed. Six parameters, including the thickness of the emitter region, the thickness of the base region, the doping concentration of the emitter region, the doping concentration of the base region, the series resistance, and the parallel resistance, are determined as the model parameter identification objects. Then, based on the measured current-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristic data under high irradiation conditions, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify the above parameters. Finally, the Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics under different irradiation and temperature conditions are measured and compared with the model estimation results. Meanwhile, the solar spectrum curves are measured to indirectly verify the accuracy of the spectral response of the solar cell estimated by the model. The experimental results show that the root mean square error(RMSE) of the estimated current for mono-Si and poly-Si cell models are in the range of 0.019 2 A to 0.030 2A and 0.018 0 A to 0.051 5 A, respectively. The absolute percentage error between the estimated short-circuit current and the measured short-circuit current is concentrated below 15%. The proposed equivalent physical model of solar cell and corresponding parameter identification method can comprehensively reflect its actual performance.更多还原