【摘要】 针对常压塔塔顶封头焊缝下沿处的开裂问题，探讨了316L不锈钢（塔体主要材质）在H₂S-HCl-H₂O环境下的腐蚀机理。利用慢应变率拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜（SEM），分析H₂S、Cl^-浓度以及pH值对316L不锈钢在H₂S-HCl-H₂O环境中应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。同时，改进了目前已有的有机硅涂层与聚四氟乙烯涂层，并通过耐高温试验、附着力测试和电化学评估，明确316L不锈钢在塔内工况下的高温稳定性和耐腐蚀性。结果表明，2种改进的涂层均具有优异的耐高温性和耐腐蚀性，可以有效防止常压塔封头裂纹的扩展。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the cracking issue at the weld line of the dome in a pressure tower,this study investigates the corrosion mechanism of the tower material,316L stainless steel,in an H₂S-HCl-H₂O environment.The primary material of the tower,austenitic stainless steel 316L,was selected as the research subject.Using slow strain rate tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,the effects of H₂S,chloride concentration,and pH on the stress corrosion sensitivity of 316L stainless steel in the H₂S-HCl-H₂O environment were analyzed.In addition,the existing silicone coatings and PTFE coatings were improved and subjected to high-temperature tests,adhesion tests and electrochemical evaluations to determine their high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance under the tower conditions.The results demonstrate that the two improved high-temperature coatings exhibit excellent high-temperature and corrosion resistance,effectively preventing the propagation of cracks in the pressure tower dome.更多还原