【摘要】 促进乡村人力资本开发是党中央和国务院部署加快推进乡村人才振兴的总体要求，是西部民族地区铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要路径。按照民族地区各项工作的主线要求和乡村人才振兴的现实需要，从铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域探讨西部民族地区乡村人力资本开发的概念和理论框架，梳理民族地区实施乡村振兴战略的国家支持和西部民族地区乡村全面振兴的主要目标任务，分析西部民族地区乡村人力资本开发的应然要求基础上，通过实地调研归纳西部民族地区乡村人力资本开发面临历史投入少、投资承受能力差、投资变现能力低和投资增值能力弱等现实困难。为提高西部民族地区乡村人力资本开发的实然效果，借鉴卢曼社会系统理论阐释西部民族地区乡村人力资本开发的系统观念；结合西部民族地区乡村人力资本开发的前置条件、经济效益和社会效益，提出投资承受能力、投资变现能力和投资增值能力的主要提升策略，有效发挥乡村人力资本开发对铸牢中华民族共同体意识的具象效果和促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The revitalization of rural talents represents a key and difficult point in forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. It also significantly influences the long-term mechanism of comprehensive rural revitalization in western ethnic areas. Studying the development of rural human capital has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting rural talent revitalization in these western ethnic areas. According to the main requirements of various undertakings in ethnic areas, the development of human capital in western ethnic areas should prioritize strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community. From the overall requirements of implementing the rural advancement strategies and the practical needs of rural talent cultivation, the development of rural human capital in western ethnic areas aims to promote better the modernization of rural agriculture and the comprehensive development of farmers and herdsmen. It is also one of the key paths to forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.The western ethnic regions are areas in China where economic and social development is relatively behind. These regions possess overall absolute advantages in natural resources but suffer from relative disadvantages in the production factor market. The shortage of rural human capital constitutes the main obstacle to local rural talent revitalization. Rural human resources development can support the establishment of an effective complementary or alternative relationship between natural resources and rural human capital, enabling the better utilization of its absolute advantages in resolving relative disadvantages. Therefore, promoting the cultivation of rural human capital is a fundamental strategy for rectifying the shortcomings of rural talent revitalization in western ethnic regions. The development of rural human capital in western ethnic regions displays important and complex characteristics, and its significance is self-evident. However, its complexity is mainly reflected in the need to accelerate the reconstruction of a new type of countryside production distribution relationship that reflects the advantages of the socialist system, promotes common prosperity, and more fully embodies the concept of the “ Four Shares” of the Chinese national community. The key and difficult points, combined with the local realities of comprehensive rural revitalization, include: 1) How to effectively promote the transformation of the rural production mode from decentralized and individualized to intensive and organized; 2) how to shift the incomes of farmers, drovers, and migrant workers from low-level and insecure to medium-level and stable; and 3) how to effectively and reasonably evaluate the existing rural talent pool.With the accelerated development of the digital economy and new agricultural productivity, rural talent revitalization in western ethnic areas has been facing the dual impact of a shrinking local labor market scale and a polarized development of the external labor market. As a result, the output benefits of rural human capital development are directly or indirectly limited, which undermines the establishment and improvement of a diversified investment mechanism for local development entities. Therefore, in the future, it is considered necessary to focus on and study the issue of improving the output efficiency of countryside talent discovery and development in western ethnic areas. Cultivating new professional farmers and herdsmen can indeed serve as a way to realize localization strategies for rural human capital development in these regions.更多还原