【摘要】 自20世纪90年代开始，全球范围内纳入劳工标准的区域贸易协定数量显著增加。《北美自由贸易协定》中首次以附件形式纳入劳工条款，此后，美国不断完善劳工规则中的权利覆盖范围，将自由贸易协定中的劳工标准与国际劳工标准挂钩，提高劳工规则的可执行性。《美国-秘鲁贸易促进协定》标志着美国区域贸易协定劳工规则模板的形成。《美墨加协定》继承了《美国-秘鲁贸易促进协定》和《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》的部分劳工条款，并进一步提高了规则的深度和广度。规则的深度体现在：增加了劳工权利保护内容；强化了缔约方在禁止强迫或强制劳动生产的产品上的合作；并进一步明确了“未有效执行”的含义。规则的广度体现在增加了缔约国劳工法改革、“劳动区域价值含量”和“劳工快速反应机制”等规定。目前，《美墨加协定》劳工规则成为美国对外合作框架中劳工议题的蓝本，通过“印太经济框架”等对外扩散。尽管未来推行手段可能有所差别，但劳工标准等仍将是美国贸易政策中的重要议题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1990s,the number of regional trade agreements(RTAs)worldwide that have incorporated labor standards has increased significantly. Since the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA),which included labor provisions in the form of an amendment for the first time,the United States has continued to improve the coverage of rights in labor rules,link labor standards in free trade agreements to international labor standards,and enhance the enforceability of labor rules. The United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement(U.S.-Peru TPA) marked the formation of a template for U.S. labor rules in regional trade agreements. The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement(USMCA) inherited some of the labor provisions of the U.S.-Peru TPA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement(TPP),and further increased the depth and breadth of the rules. The depth of the rules is reflected in the addition of labor rights protections,the strengthening of cooperation between the parties on the prohibition of products produced by forced or compulsory labor,and the further clarification of the meaning of “not effectively enforced.” The breadth of the rules is reflected in the addition of provisions on labor reform in the contracting parties,“Labor Value Content Rule ” and “Rapid Response Labor Mechanism.” Currently,the labor rules of USMCA serve as a blueprint for labor issues in the U. S. foreign cooperation framework,which is being spread through the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity(IPEF),among others. Although the means of implementation may vary in the future,labor standards and other issues will continue to be important in U.S. trade policy.更多还原