【摘要】 电流强化技术是提升铝电解槽产能的重要手段，但其对阳极电流分布的均匀性会产生显著影响。以300 kA铝电解槽为研究对象，系统分析了电流强化对阳极整体和局部电流分布特征的影响，并探讨了新阳极更换后电流承载的动态变化规律。研究发现，电流强化会加剧阳极电流分布的不均匀性，表现为整体电流密度增加、局部电流密度差异扩大，以及换极后电流恢复时间的延长。通过阳极结构优化、阴极材料改进、磁场调控、工艺参数调整及换极工艺改进等综合措施，可有效缓解电流强化带来的不利影响，提升电解槽的运行稳定性和电流效率。本文提出的优化策略为铝电解槽在高电流强度下的高效、平稳运行提供了理论依据和技术支撑，同时为未来研究电流分布与多物理场耦合机制奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Current enhancement technology is a critical approach to improve the productivity of aluminum reduction cells, but it significantly impacts the uniformity of the anode current distribution, destabilizes the electrochemical process and increases energy consumption. This study investigates the effects of current enhancement on the anode current distribution in 300 kA aluminum reduction cells, providing a comprehensive analysis of the overall and localized current distribution characteristics under intensified current conditions. The research further examines the dynamic changes in current load on newly replaced anodes over time, offering insights into the stability of the electrochemical process during anode replacement operations. The results indicate that current enhancement leads to a noticeable increase in anode current density, with the overall current density rising from 0.85 A/cm~2 to 0.92 A/cm~2 in the studied 300 kA cells. Additionally, the standard deviation of current density increases from 0.12 A/cm~2 to 0.21 A/cm~2, highlighting the exacerbated non-uniformity of current distribution. Locally, the difference between the highest and lowest current densities expands from 0.3 A/cm~2 to 0.5 A/cm~2, with edge regions experiencing higher current densities due to faster ion supply and central regions suffering from lower densities due to concentration polarization. These changes disrupt the thermal and magnetic balance of the cell, potentially leading to anode overheating, abnormal corrosion, and energy inefficiency. To address these challenges, the study proposes a suite of optimization strategies, including structural improvements to anodes and cathodes, such as increasing anode dimensions and adopting energy-efficient cathode materials; magnetic field regulation through busbar design optimization; dynamic adjustments to process parameters like electrolyte composition and operating temperature; and enhancements to anode replacement procedures, such as preheating new anodes and employing symmetric replacement techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that these measures effectively mitigate the adverse effects of current enhancement, improving current distribution uniformity, stabilizing the electrochemical process, and reducing energy consumption. For instance, after optimization, the maximum vertical magnetic field in the cell decreases from 24.789 Gs to 17.061 Gs, and the cathode voltage drop reduces from 315 mV to 233 mV, indicating significant improvements in magnetic and thermal stability. The study concludes that a balanced approach to current enhancement, combining structural, procedural, and operational optimizations, is essential for achieving efficient and stable operation of aluminum reduction cells under high-current conditions. Future research should focus on deepening the understanding of the coupling mechanisms between current distribution and multi-physical fields, such as electrolyte flow, anode bubble behavior, and thermal dynamics. Developing advanced numerical simulation models and real-time monitoring systems will further support the optimization of current distribution and advance the sustainable development of the aluminum electrolysis industry.更多还原