【摘要】 含锑高砷烟尘是金、铜等有色金属冶炼过程常见的副产物，因含少量的锑、铅等，属可利用的二次资源。然而，由于高砷烟尘含砷量较高，其氧化物是一种剧毒物质，对生态环境都构成了严重威胁。因此，如何高效分离回收高砷烟尘中的砷元素，实现有害废物的资源化利用，是当前工业化生产所面临的难题。采用选择性氧化焙烧工艺，以山东某黄金冶炼厂产出的含Sb 2.51%、As 72.29%的高砷烟尘为原料，利用带式蒸馏电炉开展烟尘中砷锑分离工业化试验。在试验过程中，通过调节钢带炉的加热温度、氧气流量(氧气浓度)、钢带运动速度(焙烧时间)、物料层厚度以及固锑剂(CaO)等因素，进行工艺的系统化研究。试验结果表明：当焙烧温度为450℃时，砷的挥发率达到最高，而锑的挥发率较低，二者分离效果最佳。物料层厚度为7 cm，此时砷、锑挥发率的差值最大，物料厚度过大或过小都会影响砷、锑的挥发效果。延长物料在炉内的停留时间可以进一步提高砷、锑挥发率，混合物料停留时间90 min为最佳，但是时间过长不会使挥发率持续上升，还会造成生产成本的上升。氧气浓度26%以及添加3%(质量分数)CaO时，砷主要以三氧化二砷的形式挥发，其挥发率达到了92.7%，而锑则主要以锑酸钙形式残留在渣中，其挥发率仅为8%，达到了砷、锑分离的目的。试验产出的三氧化二砷产品纯度≥99.5%，锑含量仅为0.3%，达到外售要求。本研究采用选择性焙烧工艺，技术成熟可靠，环保性能和机械化水平均达到了先进水平。该技术成功实现了含砷二次资源的产品化，为含砷烟尘资源化利用提供了重要技术参考和指导，具有广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Antimony-containing high-arsenic dust is a common by-product in the smelting process of non-ferrous metals such as gold and copper. It is an available secondary resource because it contains a small amount of antimony and lead. However, due to the high arsenic content of high arsenic soot, its oxide is a highly toxic substance, which poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Therefore, how to efficiently separate and recover arsenic from high-arsenic dust and realize the resource utilization of hazardous waste is a difficult problem faced by current industrial production. In this study, the selective oxidation roasting process was used to carry out the industrial test of arsenic and antimony separation from high arsenic dust containing 2.51% Sb and 72.29% As produced by a gold smelter in Shandong Province by using the belt distillation furnace. During the test, the process was systematically studied by adjusting the heating temperature of the steel strip furnace, oxygen flow rate(oxygen concentration), steel strip movement speed(roasting time), material layer thickness, and antimony fixing agent(CaO). The experimental results show that when the calcination temperature is 450 °C, the volatilization rate of arsenic reaches the highest, while the volatilization rate of antimony is low, and the separation effect is the best. When the thickness of the material layer is 7 cm, the difference of volatilization rate of arsenic and antimony is the largest. If the thickness of the material is too large or too small, the volatilization effect of arsenic and antimony will be affected. Prolonging the residence time of the material in the furnace can further improve the volatilization rate of arsenic and antimony. When the residence time of the mixture material is 90 min, it is the best, but too long time will not make the volatilization rate continue to rise, but also cause the increase of production cost. Under the condition of oxygen concentration of 26% and adding 3% mass fraction CaO, arsenic volatilizes in the form of arsenic trioxide, and its volatilization rate reaches 92.7%, while antimony remains in the form of calcium antimonate in the slag, and its volatilization rate is only 8%, which achieves the purpose of separation of arsenic and antimony. The purity of arsenic trioxide produced in the test is more than 99.5%, and the antimony content is only 0.3%, which meets the requirements of external sales. The roasting process of steel strip furnace developed in this study is mature and reliable, and the environmental protection performance and mechanization level have reached the advanced level. This technology successfully realizes the productization of arsenic-containing secondary resources, provides important technical reference and guidance for the resource utilization of arsenic-containing soot, and has broad application prospects.更多还原