【摘要】 利用木材改性技术提升速生材的材质是缓解木材短缺问题的关键途径之一。浸渍改性技术通过改变木材细胞壁结构和/或填充细胞腔，不仅能有效提高木材的尺寸稳定性、耐久性和力学性能，还赋予木材阻燃、耐腐防虫等功能。常用的改性剂包括热固性树脂、有机单体、生物质基改性剂和有机/无机复合改性剂等。改性剂提升木材尺寸稳定性的机理主要包括改性剂充胀细胞壁、降低水分吸附并阻止水分子进入木材，从而提升抗干缩湿胀的能力。生物质基改性剂，如糠醇树脂、小分子糖和木质素因其环保性和可降解性受到关注，提升木材性能，减少对化石资源的依赖。为进一步提升改性效果，建议未来的发展方向聚焦于新型改性剂的合成和改性工艺的优化，同时借助人工智能技术实现改性过程优化、性能预测和参数调整等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The improvement of wood quality through modification techniques is one of the key strategies to alleviate the challenge of wood resource shortage. Among various wood modification methods,impregnation is particularly effective. This technique alters the structure of the wood cell wall and/or fills the cell lumen, thereby significantly enhancing the dimensional stability, durability, and mechanical properties of the wood. Additionally, it enhances functional characteristics such as fire retardancy and resistance to decay and insect infestation. Common modifiers include thermosetting resins, organic monomers, biomass-based modifiers, and organic-inorganic compound modifiers. The mechanisms by which these modifiers enhance dimensional stability primarily involve the swelling of the wood cell wall,the reduction of water absorption, and the prevention of water molecules from entering the wood, thereby improving resistance to shrinkage and swelling. Biomass-based modifiers such as furfuryl alcohol resins,small-molecule sugars, and lignin have attracted significant attention due to their environment-friendly and biodegradable properties. These modifiers not only enhance wood performance but also reduce the dependence on fossil resources. To further improve modification effectiveness, future research needs to focus on the synthesis of novel modifiers and the optimization of modification processes. Furthermore,leveraging artificial intelligence, it can be achieved to optimize the modification process, predict performance, and calibrate parameters.更多还原