【摘要】 在传统的水力学教材中，根据渠道底坡、临界水深线、均匀流正常水深线等3者关系的不同，可把棱柱形明渠水流划分为12个流动区域，12个流动区域的水面曲线变化规律不同。棱柱形渠道中恒定非均匀渐变流条件下，利用12个流动区域的水面曲线变化规律，对渠道底坡变化时水面曲线进行连接，是水力学相关章节的重点和难点。利用明渠恒定非均匀渐变流基本微分方程，结合N—N线(均匀流正常水深线)及K—K线(断面临界水深线)的相对位置关系，归纳了恒定非均匀渐变流水面曲线的变化规律，并运用于棱柱形渠道中恒定非均匀渐变流渠道底坡变化时水面曲线的连接。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the traditional hydraulic teaching materials, the prismatic channel flow can be divided into 12 flow regions according to the different relationships among the channel bottom slope, critical water depth line, and normal water depth line of uniform flow. Under the condition of constant inhomogeneous gradient flow in the prismatic channel, it is the important and difficult point to connect the water surface curve when the bottom slope of the channel changes by using the variation rule of the water surface curve in 12 flow regions. Using basic differential equation of constant inhomogeneous gradient flow in the prismatic channel, and combining the relative position relation of N—N line(normal water depth of uniform flow) and K—K line(critical water depth of cross-section),the variation rule of water surface curve of constant inhomogeneous gradient flow is summarized in this study. The variation rule is also applied to the connection of water surface curves in prismatic channels when the bottom slope of the channel changes.更多还原