【摘要】 [目的]通过揭示退出经营的橡胶林向热带雨林演替过程中植物多样性演变规律、土壤理化性质变化特点以及它们之间的变化关系，为海南热带雨林国家公园实施生态保护提供支撑。[方法]以海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭分局高峰管理站正常经营、退出经营后任其自然向雨林恢复的橡胶林（退出经营3 a）为研究对象，以天然次生林为对照，通过设置样地和样方，调查了不同植物群落的林下植物多样性。同时采集土壤样品，测定了各群落类型的土壤理化性质。[结果]退出经营后到天然次生林林下植物多样性指数升高，正常经营橡胶林、退出经营橡胶林全磷含量显著高于天然次生林，而有机质、速效钾含量显著低于天然次生林，退出经营橡胶林硝态氮、铵态氮含量均显著低于正常经营橡胶林和天然次生林。而退出经营橡胶林的pH含量在3个处理中最高，显著高于正常经营橡胶林和天然次生林。正常经营橡胶林的C∶N显著低于退出经营橡胶林和天然次生林。正常经营橡胶林和退出经营橡胶林C∶P显著低于天然次生林。退出经营橡胶林土壤N:P显著低于正常经营橡胶林和自然天然次生林。林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质RDA分析结果显示：土壤有机质、氨态氮、硝态氮和速效钾与Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、物种丰富度、Pielou指数均呈现正相关，有效磷与Pielou指数、物种丰富度呈现正相关，而土壤全磷和全氮与林下植物多样性呈现负相关。[结论]退出经营橡胶林前期的林下植物多样性增加，但仍低于天然次生林；土壤理化性质的含量普遍降低，且低于天然次生林；土壤有机质是影响林下植物多样性的主导因子。退出经营自然恢复早期的研究结果对恢复过程长时间监测提供参考，为海南热带雨林国家公园实施生态保护提供支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Purpose] To provide support for the implementation of ecological protection in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park by revealing the evolutionary pattern of plant diversity, changes in soil physicochemical properties, and their relationships during the succession of abandoned rubber plantations into tropical rainforest. [Methods] The study was conducted at the Summit Management Station of the Yinggeling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, focusing on rubber forests under active management and those abandoned for natural rainforest recovery(three years post-management cessation). A natural secondary forest was used as a control. Plant diversity in the understory of different vegetation communities was assessed using sample plots and quadrats, while soil samples were collected for analyzing the physicochemical properties of different forest types. [Results] Understory plant diversity indices increased in abandoned plantations compared to actively managed ones but remained lower than in natural secondary forests. Total phosphorus was significantly higher in both managed and abandoned rubber plantations than in natural secondary forest. In contrast, organic matter and available potassium were significantly lower In plantations than in natural forests. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in abandoned rubber plantations were significantly lower than in both managed plantations and natural forests.The pH content abandoned rubber plantations was the highest among the three treatments. The C∶N of the manageed rubber forest was significantly lower than that of the abandoned plantations and the natural secondary forest. The C∶P of managed rubber forest and abandoned plantations was significantly lower than that of natural secondary forest. The soil N∶P of the rubber forest in the exiting operation was significantly lower than that of the managed rubber forest and the natural secondary forest. Soil organic matter,ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and quick-acting potassium were positively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, species richness and Pielou index. Available phosphorus was positively correlated with the Pielou index and species richness, while soil total phosphorus and total nitrogen were negatively correlated with understorey plant diversity. [Conclusion] Early-stage abandonment of rubber plantations enhances understory plant diversity, though levels remain below those of natural secondary forests. Soil physicochemical properties generally decline post-abandonment and are inferior to natural secondary forests, with soil organic matter identified as the dominant factor affecting the understory diversity. These findings provide a reference for the long-term monitoring of the restoration process, and inform ecological protection strategies in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.更多还原