【摘要】 自1854年工部局设立至五卅运动的70多年间，上海租界在实践中建立起一种微妙的平衡，即理论上或者字面上承认中国在租界的主权，但在行动上又往往以维护租界的良好管理秩序为由而自行其是。五卅运动打破了这种平衡。在中国民族主义高涨的背景下，上海租界成为英国侵犯中国主权的集中体现，这迫使一向不支持上海租界侵犯中国主权做法的英国在交还会审公廨以及设立工部局华董问题上采取更为明确的态度，直接导致上海租界和上海领事团所攫取的司法管辖权和行政管辖权失去根本的依托，租界存在的基本根基被动摇。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper,reconstructing the seventy-year history since the 1854 setup of the Shanghai Municipal Council( SMC),in which the concessions in Shanghai played a subtle role in balancing China’s sovereignty and the concessions’ autonomy,concludes that the movement itself broke the balance,and the British empire had to assume a resolute attitude towards the return of the Mixed Court and the selection of Chinese SMC members,which meant that the judicial authority and administrative jurisdiction grabbed by the concessions and consular corps became groundless.更多还原