【摘要】 为改善油茶树体结构紊乱、产量低且不稳定的问题，探索高效增产的整形修剪方法。以高产丰产基地经过精准调控修剪后的‘长林40号’油茶品种为研究对象，明确树体结构参数，对精准调控后油茶树体春梢生长情况(数量、长度、节间距、直径等)及油茶果实产量相关情况(单果重、单株产量、亩产、花芽量等)进行测量分析。结果表明：精准调控对树体结构进行了优化，显著抑制树高，使冠幅缩减18.6%～22.6%,增大了主枝侧枝开张角度，同时也提高了枝粗比，有效改善了冠层透光性，减少了冗余枝条的竞争；精准调控与对照组相比，春梢数量显著增加35%～63%,并优化了春梢质量，调控了枝组结构占比，中短枝占比提升至72%～75%;精准调控后‘长林40号’产量显著提升，“Y”形单株产量达9.18 kg,开心形单株产量达8.85 kg,较未修剪对照组增产30%～35%,并减弱了大小年的影响。指出精准调控后的‘长林40号’树体营养生长与生殖生长更为平衡，并有效实现增产30%～35%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the problems of disordered structure, low and unstable yield of Camellia oleifera trees, efficient pruning methods for increasing yield are explored. The ’Changlin 40’ Camellia oleifera variety, which has been precisely regulated and trimmed in high-yield bases, is taken as the research object. The tree structure parameters are clarified, and the growth of spring shoots(quantity, length, inter node spacing, diameter, etc.) and the related yield of Camellia oleifera fruits(single fruit weight, single plant yield, per mu yield, flower bud quantity, etc.) after precise regulation are measured and analyzed. The results showed that precise regulation optimized the tree structures, significantly suppressed tree height, reduced crown width by 18.6% to 22.6%, increased the opening angle of main branches and lateral branches, and also increased the branch to diameter ratio, effectively improving canopy transparency and reducing competition from redundant branches; Compared with the control group, precise regulation significantly increased the number of spring shoots by 35% to 63%, optimized the quality of spring shoots, and regulated the proportion of branch structures, increasing the proportion of medium and short branches to 72% to 75%; After precise regulation, the yield of ’Changlin 40’ significantly increased, with a yield of 9.18kg per Y-shaped plant and 8.85kg per open heart shaped plant, an increase of 30% to 35% compared to the untrimmed control group, and a reduction in the influence of different years. After precise regulation, the nutritional and reproductive growth of the ’Changlin 40’ tree is more balanced, effectively achieving a yield increase of 30% to 35%.更多还原