【摘要】 城市交通拥堵问题促进了全球范围内“公交优先”政策的广泛实施。公交专用道作为一项经济高效的关键措施被广泛采纳。然而，公交专用道利用率不足的问题仍长期存在，不仅未能充分发挥其缓解交通压力的潜力，还会造成资源浪费，甚至加剧拥堵，引发社会矛盾。为应对这些挑战，国内外许多城市开始探索多功能专用道模式，致力实现公交车、高承载率车辆（HOVs）、勤务车和应急车辆的共享共用，综合服务于多模式优先交通，以提高道路资源利用效率。文章全面梳理了多功能专用道的起源、发展、应用及设计方法，回顾了国内外研究动态，分析了动态公交专用道、HOV车道等多种形式，探讨了设计中的交通瓶颈问题，强调了关键节点开展规范化集成设计的重要性和紧迫性。研究为在有限资源下优化道路使用权组合设计和建立有效的管理机制提供了理论和实践指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of urban traffic congestion has significantly promoted the widespread development of "public transport priority" policy worldwide. Exclusive bus lanes, as an economically efficient key strategy, have been widely implemented globally. However, the persistent issue of underutilization of exclusive bus lanes not only fails to fully alleviate traffic pressure, but also leads to the waste of road resources, and in some cases, it can exacerbate urban congestion and cause social conflicts. To tackle these challenges, many cities both domestically and internationally have started to adopt a novel traffic model known as multi-functional exclusive lanes, which permits various traffic modes, including buses, high-occupancy vehicles(HOVs), service vehicles, and emergency vehicles, to share the use of exclusive bus lanes, thus comprehensively serving multi-mode priority transportation, and improving the efficiency of road resource utilization. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the origin, development, practical application, and design approach of multi-functional exclusive lanes,offers a retrospective of the researches at home and abroad, explores the dynamic exclusive bus lanes, high-occupancy vehicle lanes and other forms, discusses the traffic bottleneck issues encountered in the design process, and underscores the significance and urgency of carrying ot standardized and integrated design at critical nodes. These research outcomes are of theoretical and practical value for optimizing the combination design of road usage rights and establishing effective management mechanisms under resource constraints.更多还原