【摘要】 水系锌离子电池因其较高的安全性和环保性，广泛应用于智能家居、储能系统及便携设备等领域。然而，枝晶生长、析氢反应(hydrogen evolution reaction, HER)和腐蚀反应等问题会带来负极的不稳定性，并严重影响了水系锌离子电池循环寿命，也限制了其实际应用。文章分析了枝晶生长、HER和腐蚀反应的形成过程和产生原因，梳理了含N、O、S类配体及同时含N、O等多种杂原子添加剂的种类和作用机理，比较了不同添加剂作用的结合能、吸附能及其效果，并从安全性、生产成本和适温范围评价了添加剂的开发应用前景。结果表明，N、O、S类有机配体添加剂能够有效抑制负极副反应和显著提升电池循环稳定性，有广阔的应用前景；采用新技术手段深入揭示添加剂作用机理、添加剂的后续修饰、宽温添加剂的设计以及多功能和新型添加剂的开发是该领域今后主要研究方向。研究结果对于提升水系锌离子电池负极稳定性及其应用提供了理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aqueous Zn ion batteries, known for their high safety and environmental friendliness, are widely used in smart homes, energy storage systems and portable devices. However, these batteries face challenges with anode instability, such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), and corrosion reaction, which significantly affect their cycle life and limit their practical application. This study analyzes the formation processes and causes of dendrite growth, HER, and corrosion reactions. It reviews the types and action mechanisms of additives containing N-, O-, and S-containing ligands, as well as those containing multiple heteroatoms such as N and O. The binding energies, adsorption energies, and effects of different additives are compared. The development and application prospects of these additives are evaluated in terms of safety, production costs, and suitable temperature ranges. The research finds that N, O, and S organic ligand additives can effectively suppress side reactions at the anode and significantly enhance the cycle stability of the battery, showing broad application prospects. Future research directions in this field include using new technological means to deeply reveal the action mechanisms of additives, subsequent modifications of additives, the design of wide-temperature-range additives, and the development of multifunctional and novel additives. The research findings provide theoretical guidance for enhancing the anode stability and applications of aqueous zinc ion batteries.更多还原