【摘要】 “挟书律”，是秦朝丞相李斯推出的一部法律。秦朝要解决私学问题，决定采取强硬手段，通过焚毁天下图书来实现，所以历史上也称作“焚书”。汉代开始，概括焚书为愚民，不无道理，所以影响深远。其实，“挟书律”要达到的具体目标是百家私学官学化，要百家思想为我所用，并非要彻底铲除百家。具体做法是焚毁天下图书，只在中央保留一份，即博士官所掌图书，并不在焚毁之限。这颇有朝廷垄断文化资源的味道，但在诸子之学遍天下的时代，造成的文化伤害可想而知。秦朝很快崩溃，“挟书律”并没有执行很久，加之民间用“壁藏”的方式进行反抗也很普遍，所以“挟书律”带来的实际损害是有限的。从后来的历史观察，暴力焚书遭到历史的否定，而“挟书律”也开启了学术思想的官学化历程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The “Book-Prohibition Law”(xie shu lu) was a legal measure introduced by Prime Minister Li Si during the Qin dynasty. To address the issue of private schools, the Qin government decided to take a hardline approach by destroying books across the realm, historically referred to as “book burning”. From the Han dynasty onward, this act was often generalized as an attempt to “keep the populace ignorant”, which, though somewhat justified, had a lasting historical impact. In reality, the specific objective of the “Book-Prohibition Law” was to bring the private schools of various philosophical schools under state control, harnessing their ideas for official use rather than completely eradicating them. The practical approach-burning books nationwide while retaining a copy at the central government managed by the boshi guan(scholarly officials) – reflected an early form of state monopoly over cultural resources. However, in an era when the teachings of various schools were widespread, the potential cultural damage was significant. The Qin dynasty collapsed soon after, and the law was not in effect for long. Moreover, popular resistance through the preservation of books hidden in walls was widespread, limiting the actual damage caused. From a historical perspective, violent book burning was condemned, yet the “Book-Prohibition Law” also initiated the process of institutionalizing scholarly thought within the official educational system.更多还原