【摘要】 乡村小学教师队伍建设对我国基础教育的质量与发展前景至关重要。对辽宁省辽西地区636名乡村小学教师进行的实证调查发现：当前乡村小学教师队伍的学历结构持续优化，整体素质不断提升，但在教师专业发展方面存在人口统计学变量差异，具体表现为年龄分布失衡、性别比例失调、学科配比失当等，影响教师专业发展；同时，乡村小学教师面临专业发展内生动力匮乏、专业发展外源动力不足的现实困境。破解当前乡村小学教师专业发展困境的有效路径包括：提升物质保障，增强乡村教师职业认同感；按需设岗，实行弹性教师编制标准；统筹规划，完善支持体系；精准发力，优化培训内容的适切性与实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction of the teaching team in rural primary schools is of vital importance to the quality and development prospects of basic education in our country. An empirical survey conducted among 636 rural primary school teachers in the western region of Liaoning Province revealed that the academic structure of the current rural primary school teaching team has been continuously optimized, and the overall quality has been continuously improved. However, there are differences in demographic variables in terms of teacher professional development, specifically manifested as an imbalance in age distribution, an inappropriate gender ratio, and an improper subject allocation, which affect teacher professional development. At the same time, rural primary school teachers face the real predicament of lacking internal motivation for professional development and insufficient external driving forces. The effective paths to solve the current professional development predicament of rural primary school teachers include: enhancing material guarantees and strengthening the professional identity of rural teachers; setting positions according to needs and implementing flexible teacher staffing standards; coordinating planning and improving the support system; precisely exerting efforts and optimizing the appropriateness and practicality of training content.更多还原