【摘要】 随着农业现代化发展与土地资源日益紧张，农田碎石还田技术在国内丘陵、山区等复杂地质区域的应用需求不断增长。为解决土壤中石块导致的农田减产与耕种困难问题，本文开展了农田碎石机破碎装置的自主设计与仿真研究。重点设计了镶嵌刀具的转子结构，分析了刀具的运动轨迹与安装角度，提出了合理的刀具布置方案，确保碎石粒径不大于20 mm,并有效控制碎石飞溅。通过理论计算与MATLAB迭代分析，确定了刀具与运动切线夹角α的合理范围为36°～62°,最终选定α=57°以兼顾切削阻力与抛掷效果。基于Adams软件对单把刀具进行运动学仿真，模拟了破碎阻力、摩擦力及转子受力情况，结果表明：最大破碎阻力达8 300 N,最大行进方向阻力为9 700 N,转动副最大力矩为5 510 N。研究结果为农田碎石机的优化设计与工程应用提供了理论依据与技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advancement of agricultural modernization and the increasing scarcity of land resources, the application of farmland stone-returning technology is in growing demand in complex geological areas such as hilly and mountainous regions in China. To address the issues of reduced farmland productivity and cultivation difficulties caused by stones in the soil, this study independently designed and conducted simulation research on the crushing device of a farmland stone crusher. The focus was on designing a rotor structure embedded with cutting tools, analyzing the motion trajectory and installation angle of the tools, and proposing a rational tool arrangement scheme to ensure that the crushed stone particle size does not exceed 20 mm while effectively controlling stone splashing. Through theoretical calculations and MATLAB iterative analysis, the reasonable range for the angle α between the cutting tool and the motion tangent was determined to be 36°～62°, with α=57° ultimately selected to balance cutting resistance and throwing effect. Kinematic simulations of a single cutting tool were performed using Adams software, simulating crushing resistance, friction, and rotor stress. The results showed that the maximum crushing resistance reached 8,300 N,the maximum travel direction resistance was 9,700 N,and the maximum moment of the rotating pair was5,510 N. The findings provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the optimized design and engineering application of farmland stone crushers.更多还原