【摘要】 残余应力对构件的性能具有显著影响，但厚板结构中残余应力的准确测量仍面临挑战。系统阐述了深孔法的基本原理、关键技术及国内外研究进展，包括参考孔加工、孔径测量、套孔工艺及应力计算。应用案例表明：深孔法可有效表征焊接结构高值应力分布特征和核电/航空部件内部的应力梯度分布；当前技术需要解决新型结构材料及复杂应力场误差分析的问题，未来应建立多源数据融合的综合应力评价系统并开发智能化设备，以满足高端装备制造和超大型构件的残余应力评价需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Residual stress has a significant impact on the performance of components, but accurate measurement of residual stress in thick plate structures still faces challenges. The basic principles, key technologies, and research progress of deep hole method at home and abroad are systematically expounded, including reference hole machining, aperture measurement, drilling process, and stress calculation. Application cases show that the deep hole method can effectively characterize the high-value stress distribution characteristics of welded structures and the stress gradient distribution inside nuclear power/aviation components. The current technology needs to solve the problems of new structural materials and complex stress field error analysis. In the future, a comprehensive stress evaluation system with multi-source data fusion shall be established and intelligent equipment shall be developed to meet the residual stress evaluation needs of high-end equipment manufacturing and ultra large components.更多还原