【摘要】 为探讨葫芦河流域土地利用变化对地表水文过程的作用,构建SWAT分布式水文模型,对流域下游秦安站2011-2020年的逐月径流量进行模拟,设置极端土地利用情景,定量评估土地利用类型对径流的影响.结果表明, SWAT模型对葫芦河流域径流模拟精度较高,有良好的适用性;相较自然状况,极端耕地和极端林地情景下,年均径流量分别增加0.07%和0.71%,极端草地情景下,年均径流量减少0.53%;耕地促进了流域地表径流的增加,草地和林地抑制了径流的增加;草地和林地均表现有“削峰补枯”的径流调节作用,其中林地调节作用更明显,其枯水期增补量(8.17 m3/s)多于丰水期削减量(6.44 m3/s);耕地扩大了流域主要产流区,林地减少了主要产流区.土地利用变化对流域径流过程影响显著,耕地加剧了径流年内分配的丰枯差距,草地和林地缓和了这一差距.更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effect of land use change on surface hydrological processes in the Hulu River Basin, a SWAT distributed hydrological model was constructed to simulate the monthly runoff of Qin’an Station in the lower reaches of the basin from 2011 to 2020, and extreme land use scenarios were set to quantitatively assess the impact of land use types on runoff. The results showed that the SWAT model had high precision and good applicability in the runoff simulation of the Hulu River Basin. Compared with the natural condition, the average annual runoff increased by 0.07% and 0.71% in the extreme cultivated land and extreme forest land scenarios, respectively, and decreased by 0.53% in the extreme grassland scenarios. Cultivated land promoted the increase of surface runoff, while grassland and forest land inhibited the increase of runoff. Both grassland and forest land showed the regulating effect of "cutting wet and replenishing dry", and the regulating effect of forest land was more obvious. The addition amount(8.17 m3/s) in the dry season was more than the reduction amount(6.44 m3/s) in the wet season.The main flow-producing area of the basin was enlarged by cultivated land and decreased by forest land.Land use change significantly affected the runoff process.Cultivated land exacerbated the annual runoff distribution gap,while grassland and forest land moderated it.更多还原