【摘要】 [背景]游泳作为一种兼具休闲与健身功能的运动而日益普及。然而，受污染的游泳池水可能带来多种健康风险，既往研究结果显示，游泳场所卫生指标合格率普遍低于其他类公共场所，卫生管理措施亟须优化。[目的]了解上海市2010—2024年游泳场所水质的卫生情况及其影响因素，为优化游泳场所水质管理提供科学依据。[方法]以2010—2024年上海市游泳场所监测数据为基础，分为3阶段（2010—2019、2020—2022和2023—2024年）评估水质卫生状况，采用单因素χ~2检验和多因素logistic分析监测阶段、区域、季节、规模、星期几效应，以及日均客流量因素对水质的影响。[结果]在2010—2024年监测期间，共监测1 478家游泳场所，游泳池水浑浊度、pH值、尿素、氧化还原电位（ORP）、游离性余氯、化合性余氯、细菌总数、大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、以及浸脚池水游离性余氯的合格率分别为99.56%、94.73%、73.00%、47.50%、56.55%、54.12%、97.74%、99.49%、99.90%和69.19%，水质综合合格率为85.28%。游泳池水尿素、ORP、游离性余氯和化合性余氯，以及浸脚池水游离性余氯为主要不合格指标。以新国标实施前阶段为参考，多因素logistics分析结果显示，新国标实施后两阶段（2020—2022和2023—2024年）的游泳池水尿素、ORP、游离性余氯，以及浸脚池水游离性余氯的合格率更高，OR(95%CI)分别为1.28(1.00～1.64)和1.48(1.12～1.95)、13.35(7.63～23.37)和10.78(7.00～16.60)、2.54(1.81～3.58)和3.18(2.41～4.20)、3.14(2.14～4.60)和2.83(1.89～4.23)。与对照相比，市区、非夏季游泳池水尿素和ORP合格率更高，而高人流量组游泳池水和浸脚池水游离性余氯合格率更低（P均<0.05）。[结论]新国标的实施有效提高了游泳场所管理水平，上海市游泳场所综合水质明显改善，但游泳池水游离性余氯和尿素的合格率仍有提升空间。部分指标合格率受区域、季节、规模及平均人流量因素的影响，特别是郊区小型游泳场所，未来应进一步细化水质管理策略，提升公共卫生管理水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Background] Swimming is becoming increasingly popular for its combined leisure and fitness benefits. However, polluted swimming pool water may pose various health risks. Previous studies have indicated that health indicators of swimming venues have lower qualification rates compared to other public places, highlighting the urgent need to optimize hygiene management measures.[Objective] To assess the overall hygiene status and identify the key factors influencing water quality in Shanghai’s swimming venues from 2010 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing water quality management.[Methods] Water quality was assessed in three stages(2010—2019, 2020—2022, and 2023—2024) based on the monitoring data of Shanghai’s swimming venues(2010—2024). The influences of monitoring stage, region, season, scale, day of week, and per capita attendance on water quality were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression.[Results] From 2010 to 2024, water quality was monitored in 1 478 swimming venues. The compliance rates of turbidity, pH, urea, oxidation-reduction potential, free residual chlorine, combined residual chlorine, total bacteria, coliforms, and heat-resistant coliforms in swimming pool water, and free residual chlorine in the foot disinfection basin water samples were 99.56%, 94.73%, 73.00%, 47.50%,56.55%, 54.12%, 97.74%, 99.49%, 99.90%, and 69.19%, respectively. The overall water quality compliance rate was 85.28%. The main non-compliant indicators for swimming pool water were urea, ORP, free residual chlorine, and combined residual chlorine, along with free chlorine residual in the foot disinfection basin water samples. Using the period before the implementation of the new national standard as reference, the results of logistic regression revealed that the qualification rates of urea, ORP, and free residual chlorine in the swimming pool water samples, as well as free residual chlorine in foot disinfection basin water samples, were significantly higher during the two phases after launching the new standard(2020–2022 and 2023–2024), and the associated odds ratios(95%CI) were 1.28(1.00, 1.64) and 1.48(1.12, 1.95), 13.35(7.63, 23.37) and 10.78(7.00, 16.60), 2.54(1.81, 3.58) and 3.18(2.41, 4.20), and 3.14(2.14, 4.60) and 2.83(1.89,4.23), respectively. Compared with the reference group, those sampled in urban pools and in non-summer seasons showed higher qualification rates of urea and ORP; in contrast, the pools with high visitor flow showed lower qualification rates of free residual chlorine in both water samples of swimming pools and foot disinfection basins(P < 0.05).[Conclusion] The implementation of the new national standard has effectively enhanced the management standards and significantly improved overall water quality of swimming venues in Shanghai. However, the compliance rates of free residual chlorine and urea in swimming pool water still need further improvement. The compliance of some indicators is influenced by region, season, scale, and average passenger flow, particularly in small suburban swimming venues. Future efforts should focus on refining water quality management strategies and enhancing public health management.更多还原