【摘要】 微塑料污染已被列为全球四大新污染物之一，其健康风险已成为公共卫生与生态安全领域关注的前沿科学问题。在环境、食品、日用品等人体经常接触的物质中均可检出大量的微塑料，而人体可以通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤接触3种途径吸收身边存在的微塑料。目前的研究报道中指出，尽管通过光谱和质谱等检测技术，研究者已在血液、肝脏、胎盘等多个人体生物样本中发现了不同形态和尺寸的微塑料，但是微塑料对人体健康的潜在影响至今仍不明确。本综述归纳和比较了不同人体组织器官中微塑料的暴露水平、粒径分布、形态特征和化学种类，总结了当前在人体生物样本中检测微塑料的常用技术方法，分析了微塑料在体内沉积可能对人体组织器官造成的不良影响，最后探讨了当前研究中的局限性并对未来如何科学有效地开展微塑料在人群中的研究提出了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microplastics have been identified as one of the four major emerging global pollutants, with its associated health risks becoming a forefront scientific issue in the fields of public health and ecological safety. Large amounts of microplastics have been detected in various environmental media, food products, and daily-use commodities which are in frequent contact with humans.Three primary pathways of human exposure to microplastics are inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Current available studies have revealed that microplastics with diverse morphologies and dimensions have been identified in many human biological samples, including blood, liver,and placenta by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. However, the potential implications of microplastics on human health remain largely undefined. This review summarized and compared the exposure levels, size distributions, morphological characteristics, and chemical compositions of microplastics in different human tissues and organs. It also summarized current common analytical techniques for detecting microplastics in human biological samples, and analyzed the potential adverse effects of microplastic deposition on human tissues and organs. Finally, the limitations of current research were discussed, and a prospective outlook was provided on how to scientifically and effectively conduct investigation of microplastics in human populations.更多还原