【摘要】 基于矿用煤自燃阻化剂在煤矿防治中的重要作用，介绍了目前矿用煤自燃阻化剂的研究进展和技术应用现状，探讨了物理阻化剂（如MgCl₂、CaCl₂等盐类阻化剂）、化学阻化剂（特别是抗氧化类阻化剂）、复合阻化剂以及生物阻化剂的分类。基于大量实验研究，详细阐述了各类阻化剂的作用机理、应用工艺及其主要优缺点。研究结果表明：物理阻化剂中的MgCl₂对气煤的平均阻化效率可达63.6%,CaCl₂对长烟煤的平均阻化效率可达47.6%;化学阻化剂中的抗氧化类阻化剂阻化效率通常为50%～80%;复合阻化剂通过协同作用，能将煤自燃的氧化速率降低到60%～90%;生物阻化剂在特定条件下，能将煤自燃的时间推迟2 d。然而，现有各类阻化剂仍存在阻化寿命短、成本高、可能引发环境污染、设备腐蚀以及产生有毒有害气体等问题。研究结果可为矿用阻化剂材料的研发及其应用工艺的未来发展趋势提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the important role of inhibitors for coal spontaneous combustion in coal mine prevention and control, the research progress and technical application status of coal spontaneous combustion inhibitor used in mine were introduced, and the classification of physical inhibitors（such as MgCl₂,CaCl₂ and other salt inhibitors）,chemical inhibitors（especially antioxidant inhibitors）,composite inhibitors and biological inhibitors were discussed.Based on a large number of experimental studies, the action mechanism, application process, main advantages and disadvantages of various inhibitors were described in detail.The results show that the average inhibition efficiency of MgCl₂ in physical inhibitors on gas coal can reach 63.6%,and the average inhibition efficiency of CaCl₂ on long bituminous coal can reach 47.6%.The inhibition efficiency of antioxidant inhibitors in the chemical inhibitors is usually 50%～80%.The composite inhibitor can reduce the oxidation rate of coal spontaneous combustion to 60%～90% through the synergistic effect.Under certain conditions, the biological inhibitors can delay the time of coal spontaneous combustion by 2 days.However, the existing various types of inhibitors still have the problems such as short inhibition life, high cost, possible environmental pollution, equipment corrosion, and toxic and harmful gases.The research results can provide reference for the future development trend of the research and application process of mining inhibitor materials.更多还原