【摘要】 目的 比较分析《世界卫生组织基本药物示范清单》（以下简称《示范清单》）2025版与2023版药品收录的差异，探讨其变化趋势及对全球药物政策的启示。方法 收集WHO于2023年和2025年发布的《示范清单》，对收录药品的通用名称、剂型和规格进行逐一比对，采用描述性分析方法，比较两版清单中药品的新增、剔除及细化情况。结果 2025版《示范清单》共收录523种药品，较2023版（502种）净增21种。其中，新增29种、剔除8种，并对部分药品的来源及规格进行了明确和细化。新增药品涉及神经系统疾病、抗感染、囊性纤维化、心血管疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤及疫苗等多个领域，其中包括5种复方制剂。被剔除的药品多因安全性、疗效或替代性考虑。结论 2025版《示范清单》的更新反映了WHO对全球疾病负担与临床需求的持续响应，特别是在罕见病、创新药物和新型疫苗方面，复方制剂的增加凸显了优化治疗依从性和慢性病管理的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To compare and analyze the differences between the 2023 and 2025 editions of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines(EML), and to explore the trends of changes and their implications for global medicine policy.Methods The 2023 and 2025 WHO EMLs were retrieved. Drug names, formulations, and specifications were matched and compared. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify additions, deletions, and clarifications in the updated list. Results The 2025 WHO EML included 523 medicines, representing a net increase of 21 compared with 502 medicines in the 2023 edition. Specifically, 29 medicines were newly added and 8 were removed, while some existing medicines were further specified in terms of source and specification. The newly added medicines covered multiple therapeutic areas, including neurological disorders, anti-infection, cystic fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, oncology, and vaccines. Notably, five of the newly added medicines were fixed-idose combinations. The deleted medicines were mainly excluded due to safety concerns, insufficient efficacy, or clinical substitutability. Conclusion The 2025 WHO EML reflects WHO′s ongoing response to the global disease burden and evolving clinical needs, with increased attention to rare diseases, innovative medicines, and novel vaccines. The inclusion of more fixed-dose combinations highlights their importance in improving treatment adherence and chronic disease management.更多还原