【摘要】 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)和胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是高病残率和高病死率的中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤。二者在临床和常规影像学上表现较为相似，但治疗反应和预后差异明显，这使得两种疾病的鉴别成为临床诊疗中亟待解决的关键问题。近年来，分子生物学与医学影像技术的飞速发展，为PCNSL与GBM的无创鉴别诊断开辟了新途径。其中，血液及脑脊液生物标志物、磁共振成像与正电子发射断层扫描等影像技术，以及融合多组学与人工智能的综合分析模式，展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文系统综述了上述领域在PCNSL与GBM鉴别诊断中的最新研究进展，剖析各类方法优势与局限性，并展望其临床应用前景。以期为临床实践提供指导，提高诊断准确性并改善患者预后。更多还原

【Abstract】 Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) and glioblastoma(GBM) are central nervous system malignant tumors characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The two diseases exhibit relatively similar manifestations on clinical and conventional imaging. However,they differ significantly in terms of treatment response and prognosis. This makes the differentiation between the two a critical issue urgently requiring resolution in clinical diagnosis and treatment. In recent years,the rapid advancement of molecular biology and medical imaging technology has opened up new avenues for the non-invasive differential diagnosis of PCNSL and GBM. Among these approaches,the analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers,imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography,and comprehensive analysis models integrating multi-omics with artificial intelligence have demonstrated tremendous application potential. This article systematically reviews the latest research progress in the aforementioned fields regarding the differential diagnosis of PCNSL and GBM,analyzes the advantages and limitations of various methods,and prospects their clinical application prospects. It is expected to provide guidance for clinical practice,improve diagnostic accuracy,and enhance patient prognosis.更多还原