【摘要】 上尿路感染性结石是由产脲酶病原微生物感染引起的上尿路结石，治疗的核心目标是清除结石和病原微生物、保护肾功能并减少复发。由中华医学会泌尿外科学分会感染与炎症学组、结石学组和激光学组共同撰写的《上尿路感染性结石诊断与治疗中国专家共识(2024版)》(后均简称《共识》),旨在规范该疾病的诊治。本次共识解读对相关内容进行了更深入的说明与剖析，进一步明确了感染性结石的概念，对其发病机制、不同结石成分产生的原因进行更深入讨论；通过文献数据描述了不同病原微生物的临床检出情况；再次强调了该疾病临床表现没有典型特征，确诊需要通过结石成分分析；外科手术彻底清除结石、有效的抗菌药物治疗和密切的术后随访是治疗的核心要点，并对内科治疗的不同药物选择和副作用进行了详细的描述，与《共识》相辅相成，互为补充。更多还原

【Abstract】 Upper urinary tract infection stones are caused by infection with urease producing pathogenic microorganisms. The core goal of treatment is to clear the stones and pathogenic microorganisms, protect kidney function and reduce recurrence. Aiming to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of infection stones, the "Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract infection stones(2024 edition)"(hereinafter referred to as the "consensus") were written by the Infection and Inflammation Group of the Chinese Urology Association(CUA), the Calculi Group of the CUA and the Laser Group of the CUA. This consensus interpretation provides a more in-depth explanation and analysis of the relevant content, further clarifying the concept of infection stones and discussing their pathogenic microorganisms and the reasons for the formation of different stone components. Clinical detection of the different pathogenic microorganisms was described through literature data. It was emphasized again that the clinical manifestations of this disease do not have typical features and diagnosis requires analysis of the composition of stones. The complete removal of stones through surgical procedures, adequate antibiotic treatment and close postoperative follow-up are the core points of treatment. Detailed discussions have been conducted on the selection of drugs and side effects for medical treatments, which complement the consensus.更多还原