【摘要】 通过典型的溶胶-凝胶聚合方法合成了具有空心结构的N掺杂两亲性中空纳米材料C-N@SiO₂,并选择Pd为活性组分，通过浸渍法负载在两亲性中空纳米材料上得到Pd/C-N@SiO₂催化剂，并用于催化松香歧化反应。采用SEM、TEM、N₂脱附-吸附、XPS、XRD等手段对催化剂进行了一系列的分析与表征，结果表明：C-N@SiO₂催化剂具有较大的比表面积（226 m²/g）和孔径（3.85 nm）,具有明显的中空结构，有利于松香分子的进入和歧化反应的进行。掺杂的N有利于金属Pd的锚定，分析表明Pd被成功负载到了C-N@SiO₂材料上，材料的两亲性提高了催化剂的稳定性和分散性。催化剂Pd/C-N@SiO₂对松香歧化反应表现出良好的催化活性，其催化活性超过市售的Pd/C催化剂。1 g松香原料，在250℃、氮气气氛、水/油体积比为3∶12（总量15 mL）、反应时间3.5 h、催化剂用量20 mg的条件下，脱氢枞酸的GC含量达到53.3%,枞酸的GC含量为0.7%。Pd/C-N@SiO₂催化剂具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能，重复使用5次时脱氢枞酸的GC含量仍达到47.1%,催化活性没有明显下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 N-doped amphiphilic hollow nanomaterials C-N@SiO₂ with hollow structure was synthesized by a typical sol-gel polymerization method. Pd was selected as the active component and supported on amphiphilic hollow nanomaterials by impregnation method to obtain Pd/C-N@SiO₂ catalyst, which was used to catalyze the disproportionation reaction of rosin. The catalyst was analyzed and characterized by SEM, TEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption, XPS, XRD and other characterization methods. The results showed that the C-N@SiO catalyst had large specific surface area（226 m²/g） and pore diameter（3.85 nm） with hollow structure, which were conducive to the entry of rosin molecules and the disproportionation reaction. The doped N was conducive to the anchoring of metal Pd, and the analysis indicated that Pd was successfully loaded on the C-N@SiO₂ materials, and the amphiphilicity of the material improved the stability and dispersion of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of Pd/C-N@SiO₂ for the disproportionation reaction of rosin, and its catalytic activity exceeded the commercially available Pd/C catalysts. The GC content of dehydroabietic acid reached 53.3% and the content of abietic acid was 0.7% under the conditions of 250 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, water-oil volume ratio of 3 ∶12（with a total volume of 15 mL）, a reaction time of 3.5 h, a catalyst dosage of 20 mg and 1 g rosin raw material. The Pd/C-N@SiO₂ catalyst had good stability and reusability. The GC content of dehydroabietic acid still reached 47.1% after 5 times of reuse, and there was no significant decline in the catalytic activity.更多还原