【摘要】 随着石化资源日益紧缺以及燃用石化燃料引起的环境污染问题，氢能作为清洁可再生替代能源越来越受到青睐。暗发酵制氢是一种利用微生物在无光照和无氧气条件下通过转化有机废弃物或废水中的有机物质来产生氢气的生物技术，其具有可利用原料丰富、不受光照限制、产氢速度快、系统运行稳定性好等优势，在氢能源领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了近年来生物质暗发酵制氢方法的研究进展，重点介绍了产氢优势菌种、产氢过程的关键影响因素、生物制氢反应器设计等方面的研究成果。得出相比于兼性厌氧产氢菌株，严格厌氧产氢菌株具有更好的产氢能力；经过基因突变技术处理过的菌种虽然产氢能力很强，但是其突变过程难以控制，目前还处在实验室阶段；对于不同的发酵底物，其最佳的产氢温度和pH值都不尽相同；实验装置经过曝气处理，加入金属催化剂和运用不同的生物反应器等均可以促进产氢量的提高。最后，对未来制氢的发展方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing shortage of petrochemical resources and the environmental pollution caused by burning fossil fuels, hydrogen energy, as a clean and renewable alternative energy source, had gained growing favor. Dark fermentation hydrogen production was a kind of biological technology that used microorganisms to produce hydrogen by converting organic waster or organic matter in wastewater under the condition of no light and no oxygen. It had the advantages of abundant available raw materials, no light limitation, fast hydrogen production speed and good stability of system operation, etc.. It had a wide application prospect in the field of hydrogen energy. This paper reviewed the research progress of biomass dark fermentation hydrogen production methods in recent years, with an emphasis on the dominant strains of hydrogen production, the key influence factors affecting the hydrogen production process, and bioreactor design. Compared with facultative anaerobic hydrogen-producing strains, strict anaerobic hydrogen-producing strains had better hydrogen production capacity. Although the strain treated by gene mutation technology had strong hydrogen production capacity, its mutation process was difficult to control and it was still in the laboratory stage. For different fermentation substrates, the optimum hydrogen production temperature and pH value were not the same. After aeration treatment, adding metal catalyst and using different bioreactors, the experimental device could promote the increase of hydrogen production. Finally, the future development direction of hydrogen production was prospected.更多还原