【摘要】 学位与研究生教育制度事关研究生教育的高质量发展，是高等教育研究的重要命题。本文采用历史制度主义分析框架检视近代学位与研究生教育制度的变迁，探究其变迁逻辑，以期为理解学位与研究生教育制度提供一个新的视角。综合分析发现，我国近代学位与研究生教育制度的变迁经历了清末的移植与效仿、民国初期的设计与发展和民国后期的创建与实践三个阶段。国家的政治环境、经济结构、文化传统、权力主体制衡等因素构成了影响学位与研究生教育制度变迁的深层结构；传教士办学、留学教育、关键行动者推动等构成了促进学位与研究生教育制度变迁的动力机制；学习效应、高昂的变革成本等因素所产生的自我强化机制，导致学位与研究生教育制度在变迁初期呈现出明显的路径依赖。因此，完善学位与研究生教育制度需遵循宏观制度结构调整的客观规律，把握好政策变迁的路径和关键节点，平衡好多元主体的利益诉求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The degree and graduate education system is vital to the high-quality development of graduate education as a much-concerned subject in higher education research. This article used a historical institutionalism analysis framework to examine the evolution of China’s modern degree and graduate education system and the evolutionary logic, in an attempt to provide a new perspective for better understanding of the education system. It found that China’s modern degree and graduate education system has undergone three stages: the emergence in the late Qing Dynasty, the design in the early Republic of China, and the establishment in the late Republic of China. It also found that the political environment,economic structure, cultural traditions, and balance of state power constitute the deep structure to exert impacts on the institutional change, that missionary education, overseas study, and major actors’ efforts serve as the main dynamism for promoting institutional evolution, and that the self-reinforcing mechanism generated in learning effects and high transformation costs results in a clear path dependence presented in the degree and graduate education system in the early stages of transformation. It, therefore, proposed that the perfection of the degree and graduate education system needs to follow the objective laws of macro institutional structural adjustment, approach the paths and nodes of policy changes, and coordinate the interests of multiple subjects.更多还原