【摘要】 赤泥是氧化铝工业产生的强碱性固体废弃物，其高碱特性是制约其大规模资源化利用的瓶颈。本文系统分析了赤泥中碱的赋存形态与环境危害，综述了物理法、化学法（酸中和、盐/离子沉淀置换等）及生物法等主流脱碱技术的机理与研究现状，并评述了各类方法的优缺点。分析表明，现有技术在经济性、二次污染或处理周期等方面仍存在局限。最后，本文展望了未来赤泥脱碱研究应朝着开发短流程、低成本、绿色高效的协同技术方向发展，以期为实现赤泥的规模化消纳与生态化治理提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste generated by the alumina industry, and its high alkali content is a bottleneck restricting its large-scale resource utilization. This paper systematically analyzes the occurrence forms and environmental hazards of alkali in red mud, reviews the mechanisms and research status of mainstream dealkalization technologies, including physical methods, chemical methods(e.g., acid neutralization, salt/ion precipitation or replacement), and biological methods, and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis indicates that existing technologies still have limitations regarding cost-effectiveness, secondary pollution, or processing duration. Finally, this paper prospects that future research on red mud dealkalization should focus on developing short-process, low-cost, green, and efficient synergistic technologies, providing a reference for achieving the scaled treatment and ecological management of red mud.更多还原