【摘要】 理论计算结果已经证实MAX相Nb₂PC机械性能优于其它MAX相，是极具发展潜力的结构材料。但受限于现有含磷MAX相制备过程存在的原料成本高（原料需使用高纯金属、红磷、石墨粉体）、反应器设计复杂（反应需在密闭石英反应器中进行）以及反应时间长（由于磷沸点低，需进行长时间的低温磷化—高温反应制备MAX相）等瓶颈问题，含磷MAX相的深入研究一直被忽视。基于此，提出基于气固反应机理的含磷MAX相高温磷化制备新思路，利用磷铁渣中的FeP高温释放磷蒸汽特征，使其在高温下对Nb₂O₅碳热还原产物NbC进行磷化，成功实现了MAX相Nb₂PC的高效制备。同时，探究了原料配比、烧结温度及保温时间对产物纯度的影响。结果表明，当NbC与磷铁渣摩尔比为1∶5时，在1 200℃下保温1 h可得到纯度大于99%的Nb₂PC。该方法有望为含磷MAX相的低成本、规模化制备提供技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Theoretical calculations have unequivocally demonstrated that within the MAX phase,Nb₂PC exhibts superior mechanical properties in comparison to its counterparts,making it a highly promising material for structural applications. However,extensive exploration into phosphorus-containing MAX phases has been overlooked due to significant challenges,including exorbitant raw material expenses（necessitating high-purity metals,red phosphorus,and graphite powders）,intricate reactor designs（mandating reactions within sealed quartz reactors）,and protracted reaction durations（owing to phosphorus’ s low boiling point,necessitating a prolonged lowtemperature phosphating/high-temperature reaction process for MAX phase synthesis）. To address these challenges,this paper introduced an innovative strategy for the high-temperature phosphating synthesis of phosphoruscontaining MAX phases,rooted in gas-solid reaction mechanisms. By utilizing the increased release of phosphorus vapor from FeP in the by-product ferrophosphorus slag during yellow phosphorus production,this method facilitated the phosphating of NbC— a carbon thermal reduction product of Nb₂O₅— at elevated temperatures,culminating in the successful and efficient production of the Nb₂PC MAX phase. Furthermore,the study delved into the influence of raw material ratios,sintering temperature,and thermal retention time on product purity. The results indicate that a molar ratio of 1∶5 between NbC and ferrophosphorus slag,combined with a holding temperature of 1 200 ℃ for 1 hour,yields Nb₂PC with a purity exceeding 99%. This pioneering approach holds great promise in establishing a technical foundation for the cost-effective and large-scale production of phosphorus-containing MAX phases.更多还原