【摘要】 新型电力系统正处于从“施工图”向“实景图”转变的关键阶段。在全球能源转型与科技革命加速推进的背景下，实现能源体系由“规模扩张”迈向“质量变革”，是推进我国新型电力系统高质量发展的迫切需求和关键着力点。文章以“科技-要素-产业-绿色”四位一体的分析框架识别当前新型电力系统面临的关键技术受限、要素配置失衡、产业协同困难、电源结构失稳等主要问题，针对性提出举措：（1）以核心技术突破筑牢系统根基，重点攻克储能、智能调控、韧性防护等关键技术瓶颈；（2）以推动全要素生产率提升为目标，优化新型基础设施布局，构建配电网承载力评估与绿色能源价值追溯体系；（3）打造“链式韧性-标准互认-生态共创”的产业融通新范式，健全人才激励机制，推动产业链向高附加值环节延伸；（4）推动煤电多维补偿与分级转型，建立区域资源图谱，实施区域差异化“链式”开发策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 New power systems are at a critical stage of transition from theory to implementation. Against the backdrop of accelerating global energy transformation and technological revolution, shifting the energy system from “scale-oriented” to “quality-driven” is both an urgent need and a key focus for advancing the high-quality development of China’s new power systems. This study employs a fourdimensional analytical framework integrating “technology-elements-industry-green transition” to identify the main challenges existing in the new power systems currently, including constraints in key technologies, imbalances in factor allocation, difficulties in industrial coordination, and instability in power supply structure. Targeted measures are proposed accordingly.(1) Strengthening system foundations through breakthroughs in core technologies, with a focus on overcoming critical bottlenecks such as energy storage, intelligent regulation and control, and resilient protection.(2) With the goal of enhancing total factor productivity, optimizing the layout of new infrastructure, establishing an evaluation system for distribution grid capacity, and tracing the value of green energy.(3) Creating a new industrial integration paradigm characterized by “chain resilience-standard mutual recognition-ecological co-creation”, improving talent incentive mechanisms, and extending the industrial chain toward higher value-added segments.(4) Promoting multi-dimensional compensation and phased transition for coal power, developing regional resource mapping, and implementing differentiated “chainbased” development strategies across regions.更多还原