【摘要】 应对气候变化是一项紧迫而长期的任务，仅靠减少温室气体排放无法实现《巴黎协定》温控目标，负排放是必然选择。海洋是地球上最大的活跃碳库、负排放潜力巨大，但尚无国际公认的实现路径。海洋负排放（Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions,ONCE）国际大科学计划立足微型生物碳泵（MCP）原创理论，综合已知海洋储碳机制（BCMS），提出合情、合理、合法的技术方案，构建可行、可靠、可期的实施路径，形成“理论—方法—标准—应用”链条。在此基础上，提出“三重务实”（Triple REAL）理念，涵盖技术方案（3R：技术合理、方案可行-ISO认证，推广可期）、实施原则（3E：生态友好、符合伦理、回报公平）、预期目标（3A：志向宏大、脚踏实地、目标可及）和治理框架（3L：合法合规、保护环境、权责明晰），搭建了具有系统性和可操作性的治理框架、构建了超越“三可”（可测量、可报告、可核查）的碳信用底层逻辑，为海洋碳汇纳入全球碳交易市场奠定基础、为全球气候治理提供科技支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Addressing climate change is a formidable challenge for humanity, and achieving the temperature control goals of the Paris Agreement cannot rely solely on greenhouse gas emission reductions—negative emissions are an inevitable solution. The ocean, as the planet’s largest active carbon reservoir, holds immense potential for negative emissions, yet there is no internationally recognized pathway to realize it. The UNESCO-IOC international program of Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions(ONCE) builds on the original theory of the microbial carbon pump(MCP) and integrates known ocean carbon sequestration mechanisms BCMS(standing for biological carbon pump, carbonate counter pump, MCP, solubility carbon pump) to propose feasible, scientifically sound, and legally compliant technical solutions. It establishes practical, reliable, and promising implementation pathways, forming a cohesive “theory–methodology – technical standards – application” framework. On this basis, the ONCE program proposes the “Triple REAL” visions, encompassing technical solutions(3R: realistic, reliable-ISO-certified, reproducible), implementation principles(3E: ecological, ethical, with equity), expected goals(3A: ambitious, actionable, achievable), and a governance framework(3L: legal, by London Protocol, with liability). This vision creates a systematic and actionable governance structure, develops a carbon credit foundational logic over the conventional “MRV principle”(monitoring, reporting, verification), and paves the way for incorporating ocean carbon credit into the global carbon market, supporting global climate governance.更多还原