【摘要】 为了解包头某稀土尾矿库对周边环境的污染状况，梳理总结了相关研究结果，并提出了相关污染防治建议。针对该尾矿库周边环境污染状况的检测和评价均表明：该尾矿库周边地表水、地下水及土壤存在不同程度的盐离子、重金属、稀土污染，越靠近尾矿库，污染状况越严重，环境生态风险越高；在做好该稀土尾矿有价元素及有益组分回收的同时，应尽量恢复尾矿库植被，固定尾矿干滩，减少扬尘，防止污染扩散；植被恢复的植物物种应在耐盐植物或盐生植物中进行筛选，以减轻尾矿基质改良成本，并应兼顾转移、容纳或转化、耐受稀土的植物，尤其是超积累植物，为该尾矿库的生态修复提供有益参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to get the pollution status of a rare earth tailings pond on the surrounding environment in Baotou,the relevant research results are summarized,and relevant pollution prevention and control suggestions are put forward. The detection and evaluation of the environmental pollution around the tailings reservoir show that there are different degrees of salt ions,heavy metals and rare earth pollution in the surface water,groundwater and soil around the tailings reservoir. The closer to the tailings reservoir,the more serious the pollution is,and the higher the environmental ecological risk is. While recovering the valuable elements and beneficial components of the rare earth tailings,the vegetation of the tailings reservoir should be restored as much as possible,the dry beach of the tailings should be fixed,the dust should be reduced,and the pollution diffusion should be prevented. The plant species for vegetation restoration should be screened among salt-tolerant plants or halophytes to reduce the cost of tailings matrix improvement,and should take into account the plants that transfer,accommodate or transform,and tolerate rare earths,especially hyperaccumulators,which provides a useful reference for the ecological restoration of the tailings pond.更多还原