【摘要】 为研究全柔性化铁路货车动力学性能以及动力学性能参数优化，以C80铁路货车为研究对象，采用NASTRAN与SIMPACK联合仿真，建立全柔性化C80铁路货车动力学模型。通过试验模态和动力学计算结果对模型进行验证，其中模态的最大误差为9.85%,脱轨系数和轮重减载率的最大误差分别为6.0%和9.5%,验证了模型的正确性。基于该动力学模型，对在曲线段的空车和重车在不同速度下的动力学性能进行计算；建立DOE(design of experiments)实验组，采用响应面法建立C80铁路货车脱轨系数、横向平稳性以及垂向平稳性指标的代理模型，基于多岛遗传算法对铁路货车的运行速度、轨道曲线半径和载重等运行参数进行优化。结果表明：空、重车的倾覆系数和横向平稳性均随着速度增加而增加，且空车相比重车其倾覆系数更低；针对C80铁路货车动力学性能的设计要求，通过调整运行速度、载重和轨道曲线半径可有效改善其动力学性能，脱轨系数、横向平稳性和垂向平稳性指标的优化结果与真实值之间的最大相对误差分别为1.30%、0.20%和2.10%,满足模型的精度要求。C80铁路货车柔性化建模及动力学性能参数优化研究为其在重载铁路货车领域的工程化应用提供重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the dynamic performance and parameter optimization of fully flexible railway freight cars, taking C80 railway freight cars as the research object, the dynamic model of C80 railway freight cars was established by joint simulation of NASTRAN and SIMPACK. The model is verified by experimental modal and dynamic calculation results, in which the maximum error of mode is 9.85%, and the maximum error of derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate is 6.0% and 9.5% respectively, which verifies the correctness of the model. Based on the dynamic model, the dynamic performance of empty and heavy cars in the curve section at different speeds was calculated; the DOE(design of experiments) experimental group was established, and the proxy model of derailment coefficient, lateral stationarity and vertical stationarity index of C80 railway freight car was established by response surface method, and the running parameters such as running speed, track curve radius and load were optimized based on multi-island genetic algorithm. The results show that the overturning coefficient and lateral smoothness of empty and heavy vehicles increase with the increase of speed, and the overturning coefficient of empty vehicles is lower than that of heavy vehicles. According to the design requirements of the dynamic performance of C80 railway freight cars, the dynamic performance can be effectively improved by adjusting the running speed, load and track curve radius. The maximum relative errors between the optimization results and the real values of derailment coefficient, lateral stationarity and vertical stationarity are 6.74%, 0.20% and 2.10%, respectively, which meet the accuracy requirements of the model. The study of flexible modeling and dynamic performance parameter optimization of C80 railway freight car provides an important reference for its engineering application in heavy-haul railway freight car field.更多还原