【摘要】 影响建筑热工性能的因素及其变化水平较多，组合方案数量大，对所有组合工况的建筑能耗逐一进行动态模拟的计算工作量巨大，如何设计计算方案，减少计算工作量，而且保证计算结果的有效性和可靠性，值得深入研究。提出运用均匀设计法设计建筑能耗模拟方案，并验证了其可行性，建立了建筑能耗、全生命周期费用和碳排放3个目标导向的多目标优化模型，利用多目标遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II,NSGA-II)对优化模型进行了求解，通过熵权-TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)法确定各优化目标权重，对最优解集进行排序，提出了一种用于确定建筑围护结构最佳保温层厚度的计算方法。以徐州典型公共建筑为例，计算了不同冷热源条件下XPS(expanded polystyrene board)保温材料的外墙和屋面最佳保温层厚度。结果表明：相比于现行节能标准规定的热工性能限值，虽然全生命周期费用增加了3.6%～8.1%,但外墙和屋面热工性能分别提升了32.7%～41.8%和15.0%～23.0%,建筑能耗和全生命周期碳排放分别减少了4.0%～9.3%和2.2%～3.7%,获得了显著的节能、经济和环境综合效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Numerous factors affect the thermal performance of building envelopes, and their variation levels are relatively high. The number of combination schemes is large, and the computational workload for dynamic building energy consumption simulation of all combination conditions one by one is huge, so it is worthwhile to conduct in-depth research on how to design the computational scheme to reduce the computational workload, and moreover, to ensure the validity and reliability of the computational results. It was proposed using the uniform design method to design the energy consumption simulation scheme, and its feasibility was verified. A multi-objective optimization model oriented towards building energy consumption, life cycle cost, and carbon emissions was established and solved via the NSGA-II(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II). The weights of the optimization objectives are determined using the entropy weight-TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method, subsequently, the optimal set of solutions was ranked. Eventually, a calculation method for determining the optimal insulation layer thickness of building envelopes was proposed. Taking a typical public building in Xuzhou as an example, the optimal thickness of the XPS(expanded polystyrene board) thermal insulation layer for exterior walls and roofs was calculated under different heating and cooling conditions in winter and summer. Results show that: compared with the limit value of thermal performance stipulated in the current energy-saving standard, the thermal performance of the exterior wall and the roof has been improved by 32.7%～41.8% and 15.0%～23.0%, respectively, despite the fact that the cost of the whole lifecycle has been increased by 3.6%～8.1%,and the building energy consumption and whole-life carbon emissions were reduced by 4.0%～9.3% and 2.2%～3.7%, respectively. Good comprehensive benefits in energy conservation, economy, and environment can be given.更多还原