【摘要】 在对可能存在生命的目标天体进行探测活动中，需要严格防范目标天体与地球之间的交叉生物污染，目前国内和国际上均已形成相关的政策，要求在整个任务过程中必须采取严格的措施，以避免此类污染事件的发生。其中生物污染风险最高的环节在于采样返回后样品的处理，既要防止样品中潜在的危害物质影响地球生态圈，又要避免地球环境对宝贵的样品造成污染。在结合过去处理月壤和小行星样品的正压手套箱和三级生物安全柜的设计基础上，提出“负-正-负压”环境的双向隔离系统，以双壳结构为主体，形成“外-中-内”三层空间，通过控制三个区域气体的相对压力，以便在中间夹层处形成一道相对高压的气膜，保持中间向两侧外溢的趋势，杜绝舱内与舱外气体交换事件的发生，并根据实际任务的情况，在此基础上拓展更多的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the exploration activities of target celestial bodies that may have life, it is necessary to strictly prevent cross biological pollution between the target celestial body and the Earth. Currently, relevant policies have been formed domestically and internationally, requiring strict measures to be taken throughout the entire mission process to avoid such pollution incidents. The highest risk of biological pollution lies in the processing of samples after sampling and return, which not only prevents potential harmful substances in the samples from affecting the Earth’s ecosystem, but also avoids pollution of precious samples by the Earth’s environment. Based on the design of positive pressure glove boxes and three-level biosafety cabinets that have been used to handle lunar soil and asteroid samples in the past, a bi-directional isolation system with a "negative positive negative pressure" environment is proposed, with a double shell structure as the main body, forming a "outer middle inner" three-layer space. By controlling the relative pressure of gas in the three areas, a relatively high-pressure gas film is formed at the middle interlayer to maintain the trend of overflow from the middle to both sides, and to prevent the occurrence of gas exchange events inside and outside the cabin. Based on the actual mission situation, more functions are expanded on this basis.更多还原