【摘要】 1905年以后，科举考试虽已废止，但科举评价仍然长期存在。一百二十年来，科举评价经历了清末废科举的激愤、民国时期重建考试制度过程中的有限理性反思、“文革”时期“极左”思潮背景下极端化评价、20世纪80年代后应试教育语境下科举评价“隐喻化”、21世纪以来伴随文化自信重建而兴起的科举价值重估五个阶段。通过梳理一百二十年科举评价的历史演变脉络，不仅可以发现考试制度建设的“文化宪制”功能，也折射出考试评价与社会经济文化发展的共振现象，为深化新时代考试评价改革提供了丰富启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although the imperial examination system was abolished after 1905, its evaluation persisted for an extended period. Over the past 120 years, the evaluation of the imperial examination system has undergone five distinct phases: vehement criticism during its abolition in the late Qing Dynasty, limited rationality reflections amid the reconstruction of the examination system in the Republican period, the radicalized evaluation under ultra-leftist ideological trends during the Cultural Revolution, metaphorical representations within an exam-oriented education context since the 1980s, and a value reevaluation accompanying cultural confidence renewal since the 21st century. By tracing this century-spanning evolution, this paper reveals the "cultural constitutional" function of the examination system construction while demonstrating its resonance with socioeconomic and cultural developments. These findings provide critical insights for further promoting examination reforms.更多还原