【摘要】 在全球能源结构加速向绿色低碳转型的背景下，氢能作为零碳的清洁能源，已成为实现“双碳”目标的核心战略方向之一。在化石能源制氢、工业副产制氢与电解水制氢三大路线中，质子交换膜（proton exchange membrane,PEM）电解水技术凭借产氢纯度高、系统响应快等优势，被视为绿氢产业发展的前沿方向。然而，其阳极酸性析氧反应（oxygen evolution reaction,OER）涉及复杂的四电子转移过程，动力学缓慢且催化剂稳定性不足，严重制约PEM电解槽的规模化应用。目前，氧化铱（IrO₂）因其卓越的催化活性和耐腐蚀性，仍是酸性OER领域最先进的催化剂，但铱资源稀缺性与高昂成本成为制约PEM电解水技术推广的瓶颈。因此，在降低成本的基础上开发高活性、高稳定性的铱基催化剂已成为推动PEM发展的重要技术。本文从3个不同角度综述了当前铱基催化剂的研究进展，并总结最新提出的酸性OER催化机制，最后，对铱基催化剂未来在酸性OER中的发展方向提出展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the global context of accelerating energy structure transition towards green and low-carbon systems,hydrogen energy,as a zero-carbon clean energy source,has emerged as one of the core strategic directions for achieving the"dual carbon"goals.Among the three main hydrogen production pathways-fossil fuel-based hydrogen production,industrial by-product hydrogen generation,and water electrolysis-proton exchange membrane （PEM）water electrolysis technology is recognized as the cutting-edge direction for green hydrogen industry development due to its advantages of high-purity hydrogen production and rapid system response.However,the acidic oxygen evolution reaction （OER） at the anode involving a complex four-electron transfer process suffers from slow kinetics and insufficient catalyst stability,significantly hindering the large-scale application of PEM electrolyzers.Currently,iridium oxide （IrO₂） remains the state-of-the-art catalyst for acidic OER due to its exceptional catalytic activity and corrosion resistance,yet the scarcity of iridium resources and associated high costs pose critical bottlenecks for widespread PEM water electrolysis adoption.Therefore,developing high-activity,high-stability iridium-based catalysts while reducing costs has become a crucial technological imperative for advancing PEM development.This review systematically examines current research progress on iridium-based catalysts from three distinct perspectives,summarizes newly proposed catalytic mechanisms for acidic OER,and finally provides forward-looking insights into future development directions of iridium-based catalysts in acidic OER applications.更多还原