【摘要】 将我国以政府投入为主的农业科研投入模式改变为以企业为主的农业科研投入模式极具挑战，而中美两国的农业资源禀赋相似，因此以美国农业科研为研究对象，聚焦美国农业科研投入资金中的政府部分，从农业的科研体系、政府的资助机制、项目的研究属性和项目的承担单位等方面剖析美国政府农业科研投入特征，同时对比我国农业科研体系现状及存在的问题，并提出针对性建议。研究结果表明：美国政府农业科研采取联邦政府主导和指导、州政府配合的形式开展；农业部农业研究服务局负责国家级的科技项目，作为农业科研核心力量的赠地大学和州农业试验站则全面承担农业研究、推广和教育的任务；项目资助机制采取基于各州农业规模的配额制，同时也设立部分自由竞争项目。针对我国在农业科研中存在的项目申报耗时过多、重复立项、忽略成果可用性和田间实验等问题，提出建议：强化农业科研体系顶层设计，增加农业领域非竞争性科研项目，充分发挥涉农大学的科研与教育的优势，深化晋升考核制度的改革，促进农业科研“顶天”与“立地”的平衡发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transforming China’s government-led investment model in agricultural research into an enterprise-led model presents considerable challenges. Given the similarities in agricultural resource endowments between China and the United States, this study takes U.S. agricultural research as its focus, examining the government component of U.S. agricultural research funding. It analyzes the characteristics of U.S. government investment in agricultural research from the perspectives of the agricultural research system, funding mechanisms, research attributes of projects, and projecthosting institutions. It also compares the current state and existing problems of China’s agricultural research system and proposes targeted recommendations.. It is found that agricultural research in the United States is carried out in the form of federal government leadership and guidance, with state government cooperation. The Agricultural Research Service of the Department of Agriculture focuses on national-level scientific and technological projects, while the land-grant universities and state agricultural experiment stations, as the core forces of agricultural research, are responsible for comprehensive agricultural research, extension, and education. The project funding mechanism is based on quotas based on the scale of agriculture in each state, while also establishing some competitive projects. To address issues in China’s agricultural research such as excessive time spent on project applications, repeated project approvals, neglect of research applicability, and insufficient field trials, the following suggestions are proposed: strengthening the top-level design of the agricultural research system, increasing non-competitive research projects in the agricultural field, maximizing the advantages of agricultural universities in research and education, deepening the reform of the promotion and assessment system, and balance the top-level research and application-leading research in agriculture.更多还原