【摘要】 在全球能源转型与产业变革的背景下，动力电池技术研发已成为推动新能源汽车产业升级的核心动力。以新能源汽车供应链为研究对象，聚焦政府研发补贴策略的动态优化问题。采用博弈论与数值仿真相结合的研究方法，构建多主体决策模型，系统分析了制造商产品竞争下政府补贴策略的优化路径及作用机制。研究发现：下游制造商的竞争能够通过扩大市场需求，间接激励上游供应商增加研发投入，从而与政府补贴形成协同效应。因此，政府应根据产品竞争程度和技术市场转化来动态调整补贴力度，配合市场机制最大程度上激励企业研发。同时，通过建立市场反馈机制，增强政府与供应链企业的联系，共同提高创新技术的市场接受度，推动技术进步和行业发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of global energy transition and industrial transformation, the development of power battery technology has become the core driver for the upgrading of the new energy vehicle(NEV) industry. Taking the NEV supply chain as the research subject, this paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of government subsidies. Using a combination of game theory and numerical simulation, a multi-agent decision-making model is constructed to systematically analyze the optimization path and mechanism of government subsidy strategies under the competition among manufacturers’ products. The research finds that competition among downstream manufacturers can expand market demand, which in turn indirectly incentivizes upstream suppliers to increase research and development investment, thus creating a synergistic effect with government subsidies. Therefore, the government should dynamically adjust subsidy levels based on the degree of product competition and technological market transformation, aligning with market mechanisms to maximize incentives for enterprises. At the same time, by establishing a market feedback mechanism, the government can strengthen its connection with supply chain enterprises to jointly improve the market acceptance of innovative technologies, promote technological advancement, and drive industry development.更多还原