【摘要】 随着人类步入数据时代，传统正义观无法应对技术理性对人性价值的挑战：“数据人”的身份重构剥夺主体性，数据鸿沟加剧社会不平等，数据权力催生垄断化的控制者。数据正义愈来愈成为学术界与社会关注的重要议题。数据正义的内涵需以传统正义理论为参照，在权利、能力和价值维度整合“身份承认”“资源分配”和“权力制衡”。其构成原则为一阶结构原则与二阶分配原则，前者关注数据生产关系的基础规则，通过重构初始占有规则、促进生产资料的普惠性与建立数据价值分配保障机制约束权力滥用；后者要求利益共享，主张利用矫正机制实现集体福祉的再分配。而数据正义的实现依赖于平等权的保障，要确立数据身份平等并建立有效代表多元数据主体尤其是边缘群体的参与机制，以消除技术歧视进而矫正社会中的不公正。更多还原

【Abstract】 As human beings enter the data age, the traditional view of justice cannot meet the challenge of technological rationality to the value of human nature: The identity reconstruction of "data person" deprives the subjectivity, the data gap intensifies social inequality, and the data power produces monopolized controllers. Data justice has become an important issue of academic and social concern. The connotation of data justice should take the traditional justice theory as reference, and integrate "identity recognition", "resource allocation" and "power balance" in the dimension of right, ability and value. The former pays attention to the basic rules of data production relations and restrains the abuse of power by reconstructing the rules of initial possession, promoting the universality of means of production and establishing the guarantee mechanism of data value distribution. The latter demands benefit sharing and advocates the redistribution of collective well-being by means of corrective mechanism. The realization of data justice depends on the guarantee of the right of equality. It is necessary to establish the equality of data identity and the participation mechanism of effectively representing multiple data subjects, especially the marginalized groups, so as to eliminate the technical discrimination and correct the injustice in the society.更多还原