【摘要】 在科技竞争与地缘安全日益交织的背景下，科研治理逐渐呈现出以国家安全为导向的趋势。2025年，特朗普再次当选美国总统，美国的科研政策加速从“开放协同”向“安全主导”转型，科研投入、合作机制、人才政策和监管体系全面调整。回顾了美国成为科技强国的制度基础，系统分析特朗普2.0政府在科研预算、国际合作、人才流动和议题监管等方面的政策变化，揭示美国科研体系的范式转型；进一步分析主要国家的应对策略，并梳理全球科研格局的重组趋势。提出美国科技政策的范式转变推动全球科研格局朝着阵营化与多元化发展，中国应构建具有战略韧性和全球适应力的科研治理体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the intersection between technological competition and geopolitical security, research governance is increasingly oriented towards national security. In 2025, with Trump’s return to power, U.S. research policy rapidly shifts from "open collaboration" to "security-driven" priorities, with comprehensive adjustments in research funding, cooperation mechanisms, talent policies, and regulatory systems. This paper first reviews the institutional foundations of the U.S. as a technological superpower and systematically analyzes the policy shifts under the Trump 2.0 administration in areas such as research budgets, international collaboration,talent mobility, and issue regulation, revealing a paradigm shift in the U.S. research system. It then further analyzes the response strategies of major countries and outlines the restructuring trends in the global research landscape. The study concludes that the U.S. policy shift is driving the global research landscape towards a more polarized and diversified structure. Finally, it suggests that China should build a research governance system with strategic resilience and global adaptability.更多还原