【摘要】 【目的】蜜蜂肠道细菌在宿主健康、生理特性和与周围环境的互动行为中发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在揭示不同性别赤足木蜂Xylocopa rufipes成虫肠道细菌组成和功能特征。【方法】利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术测定不同性别的赤足木蜂成虫肠道细菌群落组成；使用mothur软件、 Bray-Curtis距离算法和PICRUSt2软件对不同性别的赤足木蜂成虫肠道细菌分别进行α多样性分析、β多样性分析和功能预测。【结果】赤足木蜂成虫肠道内共注释到细菌120个可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs),归属于7门10纲20目36属56种。其中，优势菌门为芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota)(相对丰度分别为49.70%, 40.95%和8.59%)。优势菌属乳杆菌属Lactobacillus、吉列姆氏菌属Gilliamella和双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium的样品检出率在90%以上。在种水平，米舍内氏蜜蜂乳杆菌Apilactobacillus micheneri在雌成虫肠道中的相对丰度显著高于雄成虫的；栖蜜蜂吉列姆氏菌Gilliamella apicola在雌雄成虫肠道中的相对丰度无显著差异。赤足木蜂雌雄成虫肠道细菌群落间α多样性无显著差异，但β多样性差异显著。赤足木蜂雄成虫肠道细菌中富集在代谢功能通路的基因的相对丰度高于雌成虫。【结论】赤足木蜂成虫肠道存在与社会性蜜蜂相关的稳定核心细菌群落。不同性别赤足木蜂成虫的肠道优势细菌群落相对丰度有差异，这可能与其生理结构和生活方式不同有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Aim】The gut bacteria of bees play an important role in the host health, physiological characteristics and interaction with the surrounding environment. This study aims to reveal the composition and functional characteristics of the gut bacteria of adult Xylocopa rufipes of different sexes. 【Methods】The gut bacterial community composition of adult X. rufipes of different sexes was determined using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Alpha-diversity analysis, beta-diversity analysis and functional prediction of the gut bacteria of adult X. rufipes of different sexes were performed using mothur software, Bray-Curtis distance algorithm and PICRUSt2 software, respectively. 【Results】A total of 120 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) of bacteria in the gut of adult X. rufipes were annotated, belonging to 56 species of 36 genera of 20 orders of 10 classes of 7 phyla. Among them, the dominant bacterial phyla were Bacillota, Pseudomonadata and Actinomycetota, with the relative abundance of 49.70%, 40.95% and 8.59%, respectively. The detection rates of the dominant bacterial genera Lactobacillus, Gilliamella and Bifidobacterium were over 90%. At the species level, Apilactobacillus micheneri exhibited significantly higher relative abundance in the gut of female adults than in the gut of male adults, while Gilliamella apicola showed no significant difference in relative abundance between sexes. There was no significant difference in alpha-diversity of the gut bacterial community between female and male adults of X. rufipes, but significant difference in bata-diversity of the gut bacterial community between female and male adults of X. rufipes was observed. The relative abundance of genes enriched in metabolic function pathways of the gut bacteria of male adults of X. rufipes was higher than that of female adults.【Conclusion】The gut of adult X. rufipes harbors a stable core bacterial community associated with social bees. Differences in the relative abundance of the dominant gut bacterial community between sexes may be linked to variations in their physiological structures and lifestyles.更多还原