【摘要】 变电站建筑和设备在运行过程中产生大量碳排放，其碳排放水平评估及减排效果分析成为低碳变电站发展亟需研究的问题。本文提出用于评价变电站运行阶段碳排放水平的评估方体系及其计算方法。首先，建立包括目标、准则、方案3个层次的变电站运行阶段碳排放指标体系，以碳排放指标为目标层，确定5项碳排放来源、15个碳排放组成分别作为准则层和方案层；进而，采用过程分析法和灰色关联分析法，建立碳排放指标的计算方法；最后，将体系和方法用于评估6个实际变电站的碳排放水平，并以某典型变电站为例评价碳减排效果。结果表明：当采用高效主变压器时可将变电站运行阶段碳排放指标降低11.7%,改善变电站建筑围护结构、提高建筑空调设备能效对变电站运行减碳效果分别为1.5%和2.6%。研究结果可用于既有或新建变电站的设备和建筑运行碳排放水平的评估，并为变电站建筑和设备的碳减效果评价提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The substation buildings and equipment generate a lot of carbon emissions in the process of operation, and their carbon emission level assessment and emission reduction effect analysis have become urgent problems for the development of low-carbon substations. This paper presented an evaluation system and its calculation method for evaluating carbon emission levels of substations in operation. Firstly, a carbon emission index system for substations in operation was established, comprising the three levels of the goal, criteria and alternatives. With the carbon emission index at the level of the goal, 5 carbon emission sources and 15 carbon emission components were determined as the levels of criteria and alternatives respectively. Then, the methods of process analysis and grey relational analysis were adopted to develop the calculation method of the carbon emission index. Finally, the system and method were used to evaluate the carbon emission levels of 6 actual substations, and the carbon emission reduction effect was evaluated through a case study of a typical substation. The results showed that the carbon emission index of the substation in operation was reduced by 11.7% when a high-efficiency main transformer was used. Improving the thermal performance of substation building envelopes and energy efficiency of air-conditioning equipment reduced the carbon emissions by 1.5% and 2.6%, respectively. The results can be used for assessing the carbon emission level of existing or new substations and evaluating the effect of carbon emission reduction for substation buildings and equipment.更多还原