【摘要】 茶皂素具有优异的表面活性和溶血、鱼毒、杀虫、抗菌、消炎、抑制酒精吸收等生物活性，具有广阔的开发利用前景。为促进茶皂素的开发利用，结合国内外研究进展，综述了茶皂素的结构和理化性质、提取工艺、纯化手段及其活性应用。目前茶皂素的提取技术有水提法、水提醇沉法、有机溶剂法、水酶法、超声波辅助提取法等，纯化分离技术有沉淀法、膜分离法、大孔树脂法等。但因其种类多、结构差异小，现有提取纯化方法仍存在不足，开发单体茶皂素高效、高纯度分离新技术，提升有机溶剂环境友好特性将是未来研究重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tea saponins show excellent performances in surface activity, hemolysis, fish poisoning, insecticide, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of alcohol absorption and other biological activities. They have broad development and utilization prospects. In order to promote the development and utilization of tea saponins, this review combines the research progress at home and abroad on the structure and physical and chemical properties, extraction process, purification method and active application of tea saponins. Current extracting methods include water extraction, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, organic solvent method, aqueous enzymatic method, ultrasonic assisted extraction method, etc. The purification and separation techniques include precipitation method, membrane separation method, macroporous resin method, etc. However, there are many kinds of saponins with small structural differences, the existing extraction and purification methods are still insufficient. The development of new technologies for efficient and high-purity separation of single tea saponin and the improvement of the environmental friendliness of organic solvents will be the focus of future research.更多还原