【摘要】 晋东南地区是山西省古建筑留存最多的区域，但现有研究多侧重于宏观概括，忽略了小区域的独特建筑特征。山西省地形地貌复杂，不同地理单元的建筑与院落特征存在显著差异。沁源县在晋东南地区古建筑留存中扮演着重要角色，其传统院落与砖木混合式古建筑具有鲜明的地域性特征和历史文化价值，但缺乏详细的基础资料与测绘数据。本文通过对沁源县灵空山镇六个古村的实地考察和测绘，从空间形制、功能形制和视觉感知三个层面探讨院落空间格局特征，并从窑房同构技术、砖木混合式二层阁楼结构和建筑装饰艺术三个方面分析其建筑特色，旨在为沁源县，乃至晋东南地区传统院落的研究、保护和开发提供基础数据和参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The southeastern sector of Shanxi Province preserves the province’s greatest concentration of historic buildings, yet most existing research remains at a broad-brush scale and overlooks the distinctive features of smaller localities. Qinyuan County is pivotal within this heritage landscape, but detailed baseline records and measured surveys are still lacking. Taking six ancient villages in Lingkongshan Town as case studies, this paper offers an in-depth analysis of their courtyard layouts and architectural characteristics, aiming to fill the documentation gap for Qinyuan’s traditional fabric and to lay a solid foundation for finer-grained research on historic architecture in southeastern Shanxi Province.A multi-source strategy balanced spatial coverage, typology and preservation to select forty-five supplementary courtyards and seven core cases(two temples, five residences). Unmanned aerial photogrammetry, infrared ranging, laser tapes and resident interviews produced plans, elevations, sections and ornament data for fifty-two courtyards. Statistical tests and regressions identified quantitative patterns,and comparison with three provincial exemplars—Wangjia Courtyard(Jinzhong), Qikou caves(Lvliang) and Dingcun narrow courts(Jinnan)—clarified Lingkongshan’s place within the Shanxi lineage.All courtyards face south and align symmetrically along a central axis, responding to local climate by blocking winter winds while capturing summer breezes. The mean width to depth ratio is 1∶1.53, significantly larger than the 1∶1.1 ratio of other areas of southeastern Shanxi. Principal room height(H) correlates linearly with courtyard width(W) at H/W≈0.60±0.03. Two storey side wings double floor area without enlarging the footprint, yielding unusually high plot ratios for mountainous villages. Functionally, a clear vertical and planar hierarchy emerges: the upper cave dwelling chambers house elders, host ceremonies, and serve as granaries,while lower yaodong quarters or brick-wood wings accommodate offspring and storage; reversed-seat annexes are least prestigious. The Sanmingao illustrates these logics: a through cave in the central bay links front(semipublic) and rear(private) courts and substitutes for a conventional gatehouse, while mixed cave,brick and wood structures exhibit remarkable construction ingenuity.Layered barrel vault caves and arched gatehouse create depth graded sequences, where shifting light animates earthen walls and focuses attention on the main hall. Spectrophotometric sampling(CIE LAB) of twenty-nine fa?ades show dominant Munsell 10YR 6/4 7/6 earth tones(V=6.2; C=3.8) matching local loess reflectance by 89 %; complementary dark brown structural members occupy 12 % of surface area(ΔE≈11),while vermilion doors(7.5R 4/10) provide high contrast focal points(ΔE≈25). Ornamentation favours ox ploughs, millet sheaves and other agrarian motifs, diverging from the fortune emblems of Jinzhong merchant mansions and the narrative murals of Lvliang caves.Despite province wide commonalities, such as ritual axiality, local brick stone wood(>68 %) and defensive walls(≥0.6 m thick), Lingkongshan courtyards occupy a transitional niche: their width depth ratio sits between the compact Lvliang caves and the elongated Jinzhong mansions; extensive two storey wings enhance spatial efficiency; agrarian imagery supersedes mercantile symbolism. These attributes reflect the town’s historic role as a conduit linking trade routes, farming heartlands and frontier defences.更多还原