【摘要】 开敞营业厅式地下商业建筑内部空间借助店铺、货架和柜台的布置形成通道，内部空间为扁平大空间，且空间同质化严重，多条路径可通往安全出口，导致应急状态下人员难以对最短疏散路径做出判断，疏散效率得不到保障。本文运用仿真模拟软件，对开敞营业厅式地下商业建筑进行疏散模拟研究。研究旨在通过分析水平和垂直疏散空间对疏散效率的影响，探究应急情况下影响安全疏散效率的关键因素，并据此针对性地提出空间优化策略，以期为开敞营业厅式地下商业建筑空间设计提供有价值的共性参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important part of modern urban commercial system, underground commercial buildings with open business hall often form channels through the arrangement of shops, shelves and counters in their internal spaces, which are mostly flat and large spaces. This design method aims to improve customers’ shopping experience and the utilization rate of commercial spaces. However, while this spatial layout brings commercial benefits, it also raises a series of challenges in terms of safe evacuation. Space evacuation problems of underground commercial buildings with open business hall are important parts of fire safety. Because the underground space is different from the above-ground space, it is a kind of relatively closed space with weak lighting, ventilation and smoke exhaust system. In the event of a fire, it is more difficult to evacuate people only by emergency lighting. In addition, due to the highly homogeneous characteristics of the internal spaces,coupled with multiple channels leading to each safety exit, it is easy for people who are not familiar with the internal spaces of underground commercial buildings to find the evacuation direction in an emergency.Moreover, the fire department can not intuitively see the underground fire situation on the ground, the rescue is more difficult, and the economic losses and casualties caused by the disaster are more serious. All kinds of difficulties directly lead to the low efficiency of personnel evacuation and increase the potential risk of casualties.In order to effectively deal with this challenge, reduce the threat of disasters to underground commercial buildings with open business hall, and significantly improve the emergency evacuation efficiency, this paper selected a representative underground commercial building in Dalian as an example for in-depth analysis. By using evacuation simulation software to simulate the evacuation process under different emergency situations,the key factors affecting the efficiency of safe evacuation can be accurately identified, and in turn, the spatial functions and escape routes of underground commercial buildings can be further optimized.The results show that the proportion of business areas has a significant impact on the evacuation efficiency. A high proportion of business areas may compress the effective width of the evacuation channel and increase the difficulty of evacuation. In addition, the layout of shops, shelves and counters is also crucial,and improper layout will not only impede the smooth flow of evacuation routes, but also lead the crowd to the direction away from the safety exit. The width of the evacuation channel is also one of key factors affecting the evacuation efficiency. A narrow channel will seriously limit the speed of people flowing and aggravating the congestion in the evacuation process. The location and width of the exit should not be ignored. Reasonable safety exit layout should ensure that each area can quickly and directly lead to at least one safety exit. Sufficient exit width can effectively alleviate the pressure of evacuation peak period and improve the overall evacuation efficiency. To sum up, through scientific planning of the proportion of business areas, optimization of the layout of shops, shelves and counters, reasonable setting of the width of evacuation channels and safety exits,and continuous adjustment and optimization, the optimal evacuation plan is obtained and the identification within the building space is enhanced, which significantly improves the evacuation efficiency of underground commercial buildings with open business hall in emergency situations and provides a strong guarantee for personnel safety. The aim is to provide valuable common references for the space design of underground commercial buildings with open business hall.更多还原