【摘要】 感知是指人接收和处理外界信息的过程。人对环境的感知与人的健康之间存在密切关系。通过改善环境，人们可以进行积极的感知，促进身心健康和人格发展。与普通人相比，培智学生的感官感知具有脆弱性和敏感性，他们更容易受到环境的影响，感知障碍也会影响他们的身心健康，对其进行有效的早期干预，能够最大限度地促进他们的全面发展。在培智学校中，校园环境与学生的联系最为密切，研究该类学生的环境感知特性，对保障培智学生的身心健康至关重要。本文对20名具有丰富教学经验的培智学校老师进行访谈，通过扎根理论方法，进行开放编码、轴向编码和选择性编码，得出3个主范畴及其对应的11个子范畴。研究结果表明，影响培智学生对校园环境感知的3个影响因素为身心特征、感知特性和环境干预。本文探索了校园环境感知对培智学生身心健康水平提升的重要性，揭示了关键影响因素，并针对性地提出具体的优化设计策略，以期对未来培智学校的健康环境评估提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Perception is the reception and processing of information from the outside world. There is a close relationship between people’s perception of the environment and their health. Improving the environment can promote positive perception and benefit physical and mental health, and personality development.Compared with the general population, special students have fragile and sensitive sensory perception and are more susceptible to environmental influences. Their perceptual impairments can affect physical and mental health. Adolescence is the prime period for the physical and mental development of this group of students,and effective early intervention for special students can maximize their all-round development. The campus environment is most in touch with the students with intellectual disabilities, and research on the environmental perceptual characteristics of this group of students is crucial to safeguarding the physical and mental health of special students.In this paper, 20 teachers with rich teaching experience in schools for students with intellectual disabilities are interviewed, and three main categories and their corresponding 11 subcategories are derived from open coding, axial coding and selective coding through the grounded theory. The results shows that three influences affecting special students’ perception of the school environment are physical and mental characteristics,perceptual characteristics, and environmental interventions.Physical and mental characteristics include physiological, psychological and behavioral characteristics.Physiologically, special students have language barriers and motor deficits. Psychologically, they have intellectual anomalies and emotional extremes. Behaviorally, special students have the characteristics of hyperactivity, loneliness, attention deficits, destructiveness, and fondness for repetition and imitation.Perceptual characteristics include four aspects: visual perception, auditory perception, tactile perception and spatial perception. For visual perception, special students are more likely to perceive visual environments with high brightness, low complexity, and bright colors. For auditory perception, they are sensitive to loud and sound waves with high frequency, and their prefer types of sound sources are water sound, music and children’s songs. For tactile perception, they prefer soft and wrapping materials. Regarding spatial perception,special students prefer to be in a space with an open field of vision and a sense of enclosure around their bodies, with a low density of people. They have weak spatial differentiation and boundary recognition and preferred to be in a familiar space.The environmental intervention includes four aspects: visual recognition, sound modulation, material selection, and spatial organization. The visual recognition ability of special students can be strengthened through cue guidance, color configuration, and visual isolation. The control of ambient sound level and optimization of ambient sound source type can enhance the quality of the campus sound environment.The selection of flexible materials and rounded corners of facilities can optimize the material perception of special students in the campus environment. Spaces that are open and have a low density of people, as well as are defined, connected and stable, promote the identification and positive perception of space for special students. For the optimization of environmental perceptions in schools for students with intellectual disabilities, physiological healing, psychological regulation, and behavioral guidance are used to enhance the quality of perceptions. This paper demonstrates the importance of school environment perception for enhancing the physical and mental health of students with special needs. The revelation of key influencing factors can help to suggest specific strategies for the assessment and optimization of healthy environments in schools for students with intellectual disabilities in the future.更多还原