【摘要】 随着经济社会的飞速发展与产业结构的深刻转型，一些高校出现关停、合并或转型的现象，反映出高等教育正在全球范围内进行深刻的适应性调整。通过对2020年以来美国四年制本科高校关停现象的考察，发现其并不是简单地由人口结构变化引起的高校“过剩”，而是在高等教育普及化、新一轮科技革命、产业转型升级等背景下，在传统学位贬值、社会人才需求变化、教育技术发展等多种因素叠加影响下，美国传统高等教育不能适应新形势的结果，在深层次上反映的是传统高等教育价值的“衰减”和社会对传统高等教育的反思、放弃。美国高校关停现象是全球高等教育转型的缩影，对我国而言，在推进高等教育从“规模扩张”向“结构优化”的发展范式转型中，不仅需要客观认识“人口红利”消退带来的高等教育需求下降，也要看到高等教育普及化、教育技术和模式变革、社会需求和形态变迁对传统高等教育提出的新要求、新挑战。应对未来十年可能出现的高校关停现象，我国弱势高校特别是弱势民办高校应积极调整学科专业结构，推进教育教学数字化转型，拓展非传统生源，提高管理效率；政府应顺势而为，既要构建完善高校退出的政策与法律体系，也要积极引导办学质量不佳的高校“关停并转”，从而实现高等教育的资源优化配置与高质量发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Amid the rapid socioeconomic development and the profound industrial restructuring, some higher education institutions have experienced closures, mergers, or transitions, signaling an in-depth global adjustment in higher education. An analysis of US four-year college closures since 2020 shows that they are not merely higher institution "surplus" as a result of demographic shifts. Instead, they reflect the combined effects of traditional academic degree devaluation, changing societal demands for talents, and advances in educational technology within the wider context of mass higher education, a new round of technological revolution, and industrial upgrading. This is the result of the inability of traditional American higher education to adapt to the new situation. At a deeper level, these college closures signify the "erosion" of the traditional value of higher education and society’s reflections on and even abandonment of traditional higher education. The college closures in the US thus serve as a microcosm of the global transformation of higher education. In China, as we promote a paradigm shift in higher education from its "scale expansion" to "structural optimization," we need not only to have an objective understanding of the declining demand for higher education resulting from the fading "demographic dividend," but also to acknowledge the new requirements and challenges posed to traditional higher education by the massification of higher education, changes in educational technology and modes, and shifts in societal needs and structure. Anticipating potential college closures in the coming decade, China’s vulnerable higher education institutions—particularly weaker private ones—should restructure academic disciplines, accelerate digital transformation, expand non-traditional student recruitment, and enhance managerial efficiency. At the same time, the government needs to act in accordance with these trends by not only establishing robust legal and policy frameworks for institutional exit but also guiding underperforming higher education institutions toward closure, suspension, merger, or restructuring, thereby fostering the optimal allocation of resources and the pursuit of high-quality development in higher education.更多还原