【摘要】 电磁压边相较于传统液压垫，在压边力曲线的加载柔性和精度上具有显著优势，并且能有效降低成形装备的装机功率。然而，持续不断的电流加载使得电磁压边装置能耗高，并引发过热问题，成为连续成形中亟待解决的关键挑战。为此，提出了基于短时脉冲电流的电磁变压边高能效成形方法，设计了电永磁驱动变压边成形系统，利用磁体BH曲线中的工作点迁移规律，建立了短时脉冲电流加载电磁力、电流卸荷后维持剩磁力的电磁力加载与变压边力反馈控制技术，构建了脉冲电流作用下的电磁力变化及能量表征模型，明晰了短时脉冲电流变压边的高能效、低能耗机制。搭建了基于Simulink-SimplorerMaxwell的电/磁/力耦合仿真模型，在相同变电磁力输出下，短时脉冲电流加载能耗仅为连续电流加载的9.87%。应用于车门原型件的电磁压边成形实验表明，短时脉冲电流的变压边力加载在保证成形质量的同时，能耗仅为连续电流的14.03%、液压机吨位需求减少14%。研究为实现复杂曲面低吨位、连续成形的装备设计提供理论和方法支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electromagnetic blank holding force offers greater loading flexibility and accuracy compared to traditional hydraulic cushions, and it also reduces the power requirement for forming equipment. Compared to traditional hydraulic cushions, electromagnetic blank holding offers significant advantages in the flexibility and precision control of the blank holding force curve, which can effectively reduce the installed power of the forming equipment. However, the continuous loading of current results in high energy consumption and overheating problems in electromagnetic blank-holding devices, presenting a significant challenge that requires attention in continuous forming. Therefore, a high-energy efficiency forming method for electromagnetic variable blank holding based on short-time pulse current is proposed. The electrical permanent magnet-driven variable blank holding forming system is designed, and feedback control is established for electromagnetic force loading under a short-time pulse current. According to the working point migration law in the magnet BH curve, the residual magnetic force after current unloading is used for variable blank holding. A model for electromagnetic force change and energy characterization under the action of pulse current is constructed to reveal the high-energy efficiency and low-energy consumption mechanism of the variable blank holding of short-time pulse current. A simulation model of electrical/magnetic/mechanical coupling is developed using Simulink-Simplorer-Maxwell. It is observed that the energy consumption during short-time pulse current loading, with the same variable electromagnetic force output, is only 9.87% of that during continuous current loading. The electromagnetic blank holding forming experiment conducted on the prototype of car doors demonstrates that the loading of variable blank holding force using short-time pulse current ensures forming quality while consuming only 14.03% of the energy compared to continuous current loading. Additionally, it reduces the tonnage requirement of hydraulic presses by 14%, which provides theoretical and methodological support for designing equipment to achieve low-tonnage, high-precision continuous forming of complex surfaces.更多还原